20 FORESTRY MANUAL. 



seedsmen, of Dayton, Ohio, are the only parties that can now be recom- 

 mended as having the true Hardy seed for sale. 



In seeding, prepare the ground as you would for garden planting; if the 

 soil is a little sandy, all the better; if clayey, care should be taken that the 

 soil does not form a crust before the seed comes up. Sow about corn-plant- 

 ing time in drills eighteen. inches apart, and hoe and weed often while the 

 plants are small. With good culture, in good soil, the plants will make a 

 growth of one to two feet the first year. They have a large, soft, white root, 

 and they grow readily after transplanting; few young trees can be trans- 

 planted with as much success as this. 



Cut the tops all "off near the ground when the plants are one or two years 

 old (using them for cuttings) ; the plants so cut off are sure to sprout, and 

 they will send up several thrifty canes, and all should be removed but one, 

 and that one will make a very rank straight growth. 



They may be transplanted at one or two years old in places where they 

 are wanted for live fence posts, wind-breaks, shade or timber plantations. 



Most farmers, in commencing with this variety, would do better to pur- 

 chase young trees from one to two years old of nurserymen than attempt to 

 propagate them from seed. The trees are late in starting their buds in 

 spring. Do not plant too closely in groves, as this is a tree that requires a 

 great deal of room ; four feet each way is close enough. 



Many examples might be given showing the great durability of this tim- 

 ber for posts, and its power to resist decay in exposed situations, but the ex- 

 amples would be where timber of many years' growth, and having but little, 

 if any, sap-wood, was used. In soils as rich as ours, where much sap-wood 

 is produced in young trees, the durability cannot be as great as where the 

 trees are of slower growth and have attained much age and size. To use a 

 hackneyed expression, it seems to be now "the coming tree" for our great 

 Northwest. 



WHITE ELM. 



No tree makes a better roadside shade than this with its long, pendant, 

 graceful branches, and it furnishes a tough and durable timber for many 

 manufacturing purposes ; its tough, elastic branches resist the force of our 

 severe winds with wonderful tenacity, and the tree is a rapid grower. As 

 a shade-tree for the pasture, few are better, and it bears isolation better than 

 the Red elm ; its seeds ripen with the Red elm, and the plants are propagated 

 in the same manner. 



