STONEFLIES, ALDER, SMUTS, ETC. 287 



the fish, and consequently very killing, either the 

 artificial or the living creature. Of course, it is 

 understood by my readers that on the north-country 

 rivers the natural insect and the creeper in its immature 

 form are not taboo as baits. The appearance of this 

 larva and general characteristics can be seen by refer- 

 ence to Plate XXXI. 



The female imago of the stonefly {Per la cephalotes) 

 is a very large and handsome insect, and the draw- 

 ing of it from which the figure, Plate XXXII, was 

 reproduced is very true to nature. The male is a 

 much smaller insect, measuring across its outstretched 

 wings about "8 of an inch, while the spread of the 

 wings of the female is approximately 2 inches. The 

 wings of the male are quite rudimentary, and not at 

 all adapted for flying. When they are folded in repose 

 they do not extend as far as the end of the body. 



The yellow sally {Chloroperla granimaticd), a female 



of which is shown in Plate 



The yellow sally. XXXIII, is often seen on the 



south - country chalk - streams 

 during the early summer. It is generally of a greenish 

 yellow colour, and is another of the flies which I have 

 never seen in an autopsy. Some of the old writers 

 on the subject have suggested that it has a bitter 

 flavour, and that for this reason is not appreciated by 

 the fish. The female measures about i inch across its 

 outspread wings, and the body is approximately half 

 an inch in length. 



A similar but smaller fly {Isopteryx torrentiuni) has 



