INSECTS OF THE GARDEN 183 



as they are picked from the trees, and bring in the per- 

 centage injured by the codling- moth. Next they may 

 take a more general survey of the pears and other fruits, 

 and let each estimate from his own observations the pro- 

 portion of fruit injured and the damage caused according 

 to market price. Of course in starting the pupils the 

 teacher will appoint one of the class to prepare before- 

 hand a demonstration of wormy fruit, so that all will know 

 exactly what to look for. 



The next step is to work out the life story as it is being 

 lived about their fruit trees. Any time from October to 

 May, by scraping the bark scales from the trunks of apple 

 or pear trees, the pupils will be able to find the larvae, the 

 " worms," so familiar in apples, snugly ensconced for the 

 winter in their silken cocoons. They may also find them 

 often by thousands in fruit barrels or in the cracks about 

 places where fruit has been stored. Let them bring in 

 as many as they can find in two hours' diligent search 

 and put them away in a vivarium in a cool place for further 

 study the coming spring. No child who has gone thus 

 far can ever again molest a downy woodpecker that he 

 sees working over the trunk of his apple tree. 



Early in the following May, review these lessons briefly 

 and bring the vivarium with the larvae into the school- 

 room. At this time a few of the moths may have 

 emerged, but probably most of the cocoons will be found 

 to contain pupae. A number of the larvae may have been 

 prepared for the school collection, and now a supply of 

 pupae should be saved for the same purpose. 



Renew the hunt about apple cellars and barrels and 

 either kill or collect every larva or pupa found. If they 



