X PRIMARY FACTORS OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION. 



PAGE 



h. Phylogeny of the Horse . ... . . 146 



i. The Phylogeny of Man ... 15° 



3. The Law of the Unspecialized . . , 172 



Chapter III. Parallelism. 



Preliminary .... . I75 



1. Parallelism in the Brachiopoda . 176 



2. Parallelism in the Cephalopoda 182 



3. Parallelism in the Vertebrata . . 192 



4. Inexact Parallelism or Caenogeny. . 200 



5. Objections to the Doctrine of Parallelism . 205 



Chapter IV. Catagenesis. ... . 211 



PART II. THE CAUSES OF VARIATION. 



Preliminary . . ... 225 



Chapter V. Physiogenesis. 



Preliminary. . , 127 



a. Relation of Size of MoUusca to Environment . . 229 



b. The Conversion of Artemia into Branchinecta 229 



c. Production of Colors in Lepidopterous Pupas . 230 



d. Effect of Light on the Colors of Flatfishes . 238 



e. Effect of Feeding on Color in Birds . 238 

 /. Blindness in Cave Animals 241 



Chapter VI. Kinetogenesis, 



Preliminary. . . . . . .... 246 



1. Kinetogenesis of Muscular Structure . . . 249 



2. Kinetogenesis in Mollusca ... . . 255 



a. Origin of the Plaits in the Columella of the Gas- 



teropoda . . . 255 



b. Mechanical Origin of Characters in the Lamelli- 



branchiata , .... 261 



c. Mechanical Origin of the Impressed Zone in 



Cephalopoda. . . .... 268 



3. Kinetogenesis in Vermes and Arthropoda ... . 268 



4. Kinetogenesis in Vertebrata ... . . . . 275 



i. Kinetogenesis of Osseous Tissue . .... 275 



u.. Abnormal Articulations ... . 275 



