PHYLOGENY. 159 



intermediate character in this respect. This genus 

 was, in any case, distinct from either of the two existing 

 genera of Simiidae, Simia and Hylobates, since these 

 present varied combinations of anthropoid resem- 

 blances and differences, of generic and specific value. 

 Professor Virchow in a late address ^ has thrown 

 down the gage to the evolutionary anthropologists by 

 asserting that "scientific anthropology begins with 

 living races," adding "that the first step in the con- 

 struction of the doctrine of transformism will be the 

 explanation of the way the human races have been 

 formed," etc. But the only way of solving the latter 

 problem will be by the discovery of the ancestral 

 races, which are extinct. The ad captandum remarks 

 of the learned professor as to deriving an Aryan from 

 a Negro, etc., remind one of the criticisms directed 

 at the doctrine of evolution when it was first presented 

 to the public, as to a horse never producing a cow, 

 etc. It is well known to Professor Virchow that hu- 

 man races present greater or less approximations to 

 the simian type in various respects. Such are the 

 flat coossified nasal bones of the Bushinen ; the qua- 

 dritubercular molars of the Polynesians ; the flat ilia 

 and prognathous jaws of the Negro ; the flat shin- 

 bones of various races ; the divergent hallux of some 

 aborigines of farther India, etc. Professor Virchow 

 states that the Neanderthal man is a diseased subject, 

 but the disease has evidently not destroyed his race 

 characters ; and in his address he ignores the important 

 and well-authenticated discovery of the man and wo- 

 man of _Spy. These observations are reinforced by 

 recent discovery of a similar man by DuBois at Trinil 



\ Popular Science Monthly, January, 1893, p. 373, translated. 



