t66 PRIMARY FACTORS OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION. 



produces a wide interosseous space, is not found in any- 

 human race, but is common to the apes. On the con- 

 trary, the shortness of these bones is entirely human. 



VI. The anterior convexity of the femur, with its 

 round section, is only found among living races among 

 the Nigritos of the Philippine Islands. It is seen in a 

 less degree in femora of Neolithic men, and occasional 

 instances are seen among existing Europeans. It is 

 the normal condition in the apes. 



VII. The tibia is shorter in its relation to the femur 

 than in any human race, and is more robust than in 



Fig. 46. — Sections of symphysis mandibuli of modern LiSgois (Fig. F) 

 and of an ancient Parisian (Fig. G). From Fraipont and Lohest. 



most of them. This character, with the oval section, 

 while not identical with what is seen in the apes, forms 

 an approximation to it. 



Messrs. Fraipont and Lohest have pointed out the 

 general characters of the dentition of the man of Spy. 

 They show that the molars increase in size posteriorly 

 to the same extent that they do in the apes, which is 

 the reverse of what is usual in man, where they dimin- 

 ish posteriorly, or, in a few lower races (Australians, 

 etc.), remain equal. They show that the superior mo- 

 lars are all quadritubercular, and that the internal root 



