PHYLOGENY. 169 



The characters of the skull are closely similar to 

 those of the men of Neanderthal and of Spy, but the 

 walls are not so thick as those of the former, and more 

 nearly resemble those of the latter. The frontal region 

 is, therefore, much depressed, and it is also much con- 

 stricted posterior to the postorbital borders. The su- 

 tures are obliterated. Dr. Dubois states that the cranial 

 capacity is just double that of the gorilla, and two-thirds 

 that of the lowest normal of man, bridging the gap 

 which has long separated the latter from the apes. 

 Thus the capacity of the former is 500 cubic centime- 

 tres, and the latter is 1500 cubic centimetres. In the 

 Java man the capacity is 1000 cubic centimetres. The 

 last upper molar has widely divergent roots,, as in apes 

 and inferior races of man, and the crown is large, with 

 the cusps not clearly differentiated, showing a character 

 commonly observed in the lower molars of the gorilla. 

 The femur is long, straight, and entirely human. This 

 discovery of Dr. Dubois adds to our knowledge of the 

 physical characters of the Paleolithic man, and espe- 

 cially to his geographical range. 



As regards the proper appellation of this being. 

 Dr. Dubois is not happy. He proposes for him a 

 new genus Pithecanthropus (after Haeckel), and even 

 a new family, Pithecanthropidse, without having shown 

 that he is not a member of the genus Homo. It is 

 not certain that he is not an individual of the species 

 Homo neanderthalensis. His cranial capacity is less, it 

 is true, than that of the man of Spy, but Virchow has 

 pointed out that some of the Nigritos possess a remark- 

 ably small cranial capacity, as little as 950 cubic centi- 

 metres, and an inhabitant of New Britain only 860 

 cubic centimetres, a capacity even smaller than that of 

 the man of Trinil. Until we learn the characters of 



