RADISH 



tiers on t}ie Dt-troir rivn-. in wliirh nearly evrry cottage 

 has a KadisI] i;'ai-.irn. raim-jni,^ fi\)ni a. few rods t)) an iutl-. 

 On the proihirt uf rliesr ^iar.lms tlie owners ae|ieii.i 

 for a lari^-e share of their iiirom.'. Tht* soil is ri<-h. 

 hla.-k, sandy and alluvial with permanent water at a 

 d(.'pl-h of (i ft. or Ifss. ihouii'h the sm-tace is by no means 

 wrt oi- marshy. The L;'a.r<lens are heaviiv 

 nuiimred. not only in the sjn-inir hut liefore 

 eaeli rv'>\> [<■ starT(-d. Tliey make at least 

 two. and ^^niei inirs ;i^ niaTty as live crops 

 durinir tlie reason. TJi,. heds are mannnal, 

 si^ailcd and reiilaiitod within a (iav or two 

 after the roots hare l.ren pulled." Weeds 

 art- never seen in a Petite Cote Kadish •^nr- 

 den. The only tom|s used are a spadiuL,' 

 fork, a sTcel rake, a marker {made hy tixiiiLr 

 a row ,.r' peys S,-^-. in. in diami-ter and ■'.,- 

 I'.j in. louiT. 1 in. apart in the rounded edice 

 of a uarrnw hoard I. and ;i standim,^ hoard 

 ^-12 m. wide and a^ h.n- as the he. Is are 

 wide. Ha\imr niade tin- soil as \\ 

 smooth as pi..s-silile. rhr\- lay ihe hoard 

 across tlie bed and. standiui: on it, T 

 make a row of Indev l,y pre^^-jn-- tln> nuirker 

 into the soil alon-r ir^ inrni- ed^e. Thev then 

 drop one or two senK into earh hole. i-o\-- 

 erini? them with soil with the ed^^e of the 

 standing' l.>oard as the_\" turn il o\-er and re- 

 peat the process. Only a small part (if 

 the garden is ]danted at once, hut sow- 

 ings are made one.' or twii.-e a week / 

 throughout tlie sea-on. •^<l that There is / 

 a constant succes-.ion <if roois in i)rime / 

 condition. The variety used is the Long 

 Scarlet. There is u hirL:-e list of varieties of 

 these sprinii" or tor<dnu'- Radishe>, all of 

 them tracing;: hack to the Scarlet Turnip, 

 Scarlet Half-Loni;- or L.om,- Scarlet tvpe. 



,Sunn»>r i?-/<//.Wo ,s . - T)n-se are a litth 

 slower in growth than the precedini;- hut re 

 main huiger in condition. The Long Scar 

 let tvpe appears ui h<ith summer and win 

 ter kadisiies. hut the Chartier. Celestial 

 Stuttgart, etc., are used onlv for stimmer oi 

 late fall supply. The cnlture of the sum 

 mer sorts is the sann' as that of the sjirin;. 

 sorts, except that they s)iould I'e given uion 

 room. 



\Vu>f>'r 7?-o//../;.^^■. - Thr-e are rd' s 

 slower irrowth ami tirmer Hesli and 

 he h(dd in ^rood condition almost as re 

 ilv as turnips. The seed nnu' he si 

 from the last of .Inlv till tlo'"midille 

 September, and at the approach of sev 

 freezing- weather The i-ooi- shouLl 

 gathere<l. packi^d in --anily soil and idt 

 buried out of ,loors or stor*'d in a '■• 

 damp cellar, wiiere rliey will renndn in 

 gijiid cinulirimi all winter. 



Sr>''J'0'r">fin</. — lii growini,^ seed the 

 summer sorts are treated as anniiaN. 

 The seeds are sown in early ■<)prim: . 

 and as soon as tlie plants r.-ach usable 

 size they are taken n]>. top]H-ii, care- 

 fully siulred and the he~t one^ reset, 

 whereupon they will spiM^tily take ro.it 

 and throw np seed-stalk-. Sonn'tinies 

 seed is gr-i wn without tran^-phmtim^- 

 thr- roots, hut as th'-re can lie no -ehc- 

 tion nor even roirueinL:'. tlo' -^eeil so 

 grown is necessaril\' n n reliable. 'i'iir 

 seed requires a loni;- tinn- to mature, 

 and is not thoronirhly i-ipe until hing 

 after tin- jmmIs have turned brown, an " 

 growers are in the haltit (if cnttiniz- and ]iartia 

 in^c the stalks and allowing them to staml in the 

 stack or mow for sonn- tinn-' before threshim;'. The 

 later sorts are treated as biennials, the roofs being 

 stored during- the winter. ;\I(-st of the Eadisli seed 

 used in this country is imported, though there is no 

 reason, nidess it be the question of cheap lahru', to 

 prevent its heimr grown to advantage Inn'e. 



\y. W. Tr.vv. 



RAILROAD GARDENLNd; 



14S9 



RAFFIA is the Malagasy name of a palm which fur- 

 nishes a. staple article of^-omnnn-ce called raOia tiher. 

 It is indigenous to Madai^asear, wln-re it ^-rows without 

 cultivation <u- attention of any kirnl. ( )ne palm leaf, or 

 frond, produces HO-lhO longgremi divisions i'-,"") n.in 

 length, like the leaves of the sii--ar can.^. lint ol' a dark 

 lustrous L;reen eohn- and thicker ami 

 stitrer. The tin<ler pari of this -i-een 

 leaf is of a pale greeinsh yidlow cr.hn". 

 and from that side the i nm-r skin i -, 

 l>ei'led (lit' in the sann' nninncr as the 

 skin on the outsiile of a ]>ea pod, ex- 

 cei.t that it peels olf straight lo ihe iip 

 wdthout hreakin.i;-. It is then of the pal- 

 est greeii. and after hein.^- dried in ihi- 

 sun assunu's a lii,dit str-a\v c.ilor. This 

 is tho radia ti'ier of cononerce. 



Hatha liiier is extensivelv used In- the 

 uati\es for niakim^' cloth's called' silk 

 landias and n-iiannas, which brin^^ fancy 

 pric.--; in Europe and America, where it 

 I is used in the nnumfacture of v.irious 

 kimls of hats, etc A iar--e traih- i^ aNo 

 done in raflia liber in Kuri>pe for nsi- in 

 tlje nn-muf.actui-e of fancy liasket-, but in 

 America, while rallia hber has hccii used 

 to a linnted extent in the nmnnfactnre 

 of hats, its princi]ial use is lor tyim: 

 vines, tlriwers. asjiaraLi'us ae<l celery 

 bnmdu-'s and for -raftin,--. It i-^ -oft as 

 silk and not atVected li\ moi^iure or 

 cli;inge in teni]ieruture s<:i as to risk cnt- 

 tiuLC (>!' wounding the nmst ilelicate 

 tissues, and it does not break or ravel 

 when folded or knotted. These (jualities 

 bring it into general use in Envojie, 

 especially in the vineyards of France, 

 where it is extensively tised. and c(ins(-- 

 quently nudntain its jirice. It is virtu- 

 ally inexhaustible in I\ladaL;ascar. the 

 supply being limited only by the sear- 

 city of labor. For ex]iort, the filler is 

 collected in large skeins, twisted or 

 plaited, and then packeil in compressed 

 bales of about 100 kilograms {'220 lbs.) 

 each. Al.iout 20,000 bales ar.' expm-ted 

 annually. 



(_'IIAS. W. dA<'i>n L^- Allis.ix. 



RAGGED LADY. Xi^/rl!,, Dawa.- 



RAGGED ROBIN. Lurhu's Fin 



RAG GOITRD. Luffu 



RAILROAD GARDENING. P late 

 XXXn. This expression tisuail)' refers 

 to the fornud use of thiwer beds about 

 railroad stations, Smdi \vork is ornamen- 

 tal gardenin,g. md lamlscapte gardeniuLT. 

 the latter being the art of arrarigimc 

 plants so as to make nature-like pictures. 

 Most of the so-called landscape garthui- 

 ing that is done at railroad stations i- 

 really ornamental gardening. C'arjiet 

 eUorated Rad- beds are relatively costlv as compared 

 h at the end of ^^^^^^ hardy shrubbery, they last but a 

 few months and then leave bareness 



ur generations. 



- ■ while the best hardy trees and shndis 



After Carnere. skilfully arranged are interestiuLr all the 

 year round. This makinir of naturi-- 

 llke pictures wdth relativi.dy simjile. inexiiensive and 

 ]M-rnuinent materials is a nnndi liiuin'r a rt than that 

 invLdved in creating and maintainJni;- fornud llower 

 beds. However, both things have their ]ilaces. Many a 

 tired traveler is cheered by the briicht colors of a neatly 

 kept railroad station. Sucli disphn's are suitable at the 

 stations if anywhere along the line. They are always 

 p]-efei-able to dirt, ug-liness and a g-eiu*r:d air of in- 

 difference. 



