1.300 



RANL'NCULUS 



RAPHAXrs 



111. Califbrnicus, Beiirli. PUiut i-atln-r weak, S-2 ft. 

 hitili, usually pulifsccut cr liirsutr-. iu-aui-liiiii^ and witli- 

 ouf lca\'(^s ill upjicr ])a!-t: ru^ts titinius: h-.s. teniately 

 (Ih'itlcd or parted, or ])aiuiately .')-dividi'd iuln linear or 

 narrow, otten :i-:;-partod di\"isiiuis; prtal.^ (i-l."i, i;ln,ssy 

 Yellow, old.ini; or uarrowdv ol.ovafe: akenes Hat, sli^litl'v 

 martined, Leak very short. Katlier dry plan. s,W. Calit, 

 and ailjac.eut ( Ire. 



IT. acris, Linn. Figs. Is7i. 2074, 2117.", 2n7.S. Plant 

 hairy up to the sepals, ereet, ^j-ii ft. high, often 

 branched: radical l\'s. on long, .slender jtetiules; others 

 with shorter petiides sht.athiiig the stem or nearly ses- 

 sile: Ivs. ;!-]»arted nearly tt.) tlie base, the divisions 

 ovoid-cune:de, 2-:Mob,.d and coarsely toothed or cut: 

 bracts linear, lolled or eiilire: fls. yellow. 11-12 lines 

 across, several, on ratlier sliort ]tedniicles; sepals hairy 

 beneath, ovate, shorter than the petals: pi.-tals a, gla- 

 brous, obovoid, (.ibtuse. liearing a priuniuent S(.ale at 

 base: akenes compressed, c.^riie-eous on margins; style 

 very short: heat! globose. yi;iy-Sept. Newfoundland, 

 (Umada, eastern sta.ti-s. Said to be naturalized from En- 

 rope.— Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is more eominon in (.nit. 

 The best forms .-ire deep, gh.ssv. grilden vellow and \-erv 

 double. Cidled IS.ieHKLnK's Bi'TTu.vs. B.M. 21,1. 



12. aconitif61iu3, Linn. I'lant )iubesceiit, '=-2 It. high, 

 hrauched: Ivs. ]ialniately :!-.l-parted, parts cut-toothed, 

 upper ones sessile and with oldoiig to linear-lance{)late 

 lobes: i1s. white, several on a stem: s(.pals fiat, pubes- 

 cent; p.etals oblong, cuue:iTe to .irbi(.ular, jMa>', .lune, 

 Jlonntaius of middle Enro|ie. — Var. flore-pleno, Hort. 

 I v;ir. />/.'« H.s), called White B.vohelok's Button and 

 F.\lK JLaiii.s of Fuanpe. has very ornamental, double, 

 white, gloliose flowers, tin. 4.1. ]>. 2:i, and 48, p. 500. 

 Var. lilteua-pWntis, Hort. Fls. much doubled but of a 

 gohlen vellow c.dor. The type and v;irieties are suited 

 to borders and luilf wild places 



a. , 



2078. Buttercups— Ranunculus acris. Natural size 



/. \?.!"','-"'""".''''^''^''^'''' ^^'^■' tis.wliite or tinged rose. Anstri;!. 

 <tu. ^'J::!.i4.— ii'. a'!i'tililis, Ijiini,, somotiinea called Lodewort, 

 Ram s l''oot, eti.., is :m interesting aquatic ]ilant (.oiuiunn in 

 temperate regious, the HoaiinK Ivs. ofleii broad and :i-l.,hcd, 

 whde llie sabmcrixed Ivs. .'u-e cut up into numerous rhre;Ml-like 

 segments.-/,', l.uHiihis, Lien., is a yell,,w-IM. species olTcrc.l in 

 single aid .l.,nl.lc lorins by Dutch l.uth .le;ilcrs. Mediterran..a,H 

 region. -/,■ vuiiiH,,,hi/llus, Hook., offered in Colo, iu WHO, is ..oii- 



sidered fiy Graj- as R. aflinis, var. validus. It is an American 

 species pictured in B.il. 20U'J witii yellow tls. 1/4 in- across.— 

 li. fascicuUu-is. 'M\\\\\. Height 1 ft. .June. N.Am. ]Mn.2:l,— 

 R. Ficarifi, Linn., called Lesser Celandine or Pilewort in Eng- 

 land, is a native of Europe and the Caucasus region. It has ycl- 

 lu^v lis. about 1 in. across. A double form is procurable from 

 Hutcli bulb dealers.— 7i. lanugiabsus, Linn., is a European spe- 

 cies of which a double form is irdvertised by Krelage, of Haar- 

 lem, Holland. -i?. Lilallii. Hook, f., the New Zealand Water 

 Lily, grows •J-4 ft. hii,di. has peltate Ivs. mid waxy "wlliie lis. 

 4 ill. acrtiss, Ijorne in many - tie wered panicles. In Europe it 



2079. Dwarf Essex Rape iX 1-12 1. 



is considered a cool greenhouse plant. It is a gorgeous spe- 

 cies and ought to succeed somewhere iu North America. Cf C 

 IL 1.^:724; 2;t:;;71.— 7i*. parita.s.sifoliirs, Linn., is a white - fld' 

 European mountain plant fj in. high, procurable from Dutch hulli 

 dealers. .T.H. III. a0:;t7. L.B.C. :^:245. B.M. :i86.-7i;. jicrtri^i,,,, 

 Waldst. & Kit., a native of the Hungarian Alps, has yellow lis! 

 nearb' an inch across. — Ji. ruia'fotius, Linn., a native of the 

 higher Alps, has yellow fls.: petals 8-10; claw orange Offered 

 by Dutch dealers.— ii*. septentriondlls, Poir.. is advertised. It is 

 a native plant allied to R. repens.- 7i'. spicatitu, Desf., is figured 

 in B.jM. 4.^18.3, with showy .^vpetaled yellow tls. fully 2 in, across. It 

 is an Algerianspeciesliiitis said to be perfectly hardy in Eiighiiid 

 and of easy culture in any good garden soil.— 7i. Kuperbl.^tiTiiuis, 

 Hort., is used in some catalogues for the doullle French Ramin- 

 (.uli, known also as R. Asiaticns. var, superbissinius.— 7i', viri- 

 dlflnriifi, Hort. VanTiihergen, is a scarletand green-rtd, variety 

 of the Tnrbau class of R. Asiaticns. tt p I>v\-r- 



KAPE (Bras Hie, I Napus). Fig. 2079. Iu recent years 

 thi.s has become an important forage plant. The iianie 

 Rape includes .several varieties which are grown for 

 two purposes: (1) for seed from which oil is expressed; 

 (2| for the purpose of furnishing animals with succu- 

 lent feed during late summer and autumn, when pas- 

 tures become bare. Varieties used for the latter pur- 

 pose usually do not produce seed in this climate the same 

 season, though they are usually classed with annuals. 

 Dwarf Essex is an example of the kind used for soiling 

 (green feeding) purposes. Rape is of considerable im- 

 portance to the fruit grower as a cover-crop. The seed 

 germinates readily, will often grow where a clover cateh 

 is impossible, and furnishes excellent sheep pasturage 

 late in the season. When grown strictly a.s a soiling 

 plant the tops tire cut and hauled to the feed-lot or 

 stable. Dwarf Essex Rape much resembles a ruta- 

 baga turnip at first. It is like a rutabaga -with an exag- 

 gerated leafy top and witliout a swollen fleshy root. 

 Rape is a cool weather plant and may be grown in al- 

 most any part of the United States by sowing it at the 

 proper time. As a cover-crop in the orchard in the East 

 it may be sown as late as September l.o with good re- 

 sults. It is an excellent pioneer plant in the work of 

 renewing humus in worn-out lands. In the Middle 

 West, where shade is needed. Rape is usi.d as a nurse 

 plant for clover when the latter is sown in orchards in 

 midsummer. Turnips may lie used for the same purpose. 



.TciMN Cr.vici. 

 KAPHANUS (classical name, from the Greek), Crn- 

 rifi'nr. R.aiush. (.'n.MiL. ick. Annual or biennial branch- 



■ herb 



lout 1; s]iecies in Europe and temperate 

 one. h'. stitinix. is the Radish (which 

 r small but rather showy slender-pedi- 

 ro^e-liliu- or white, or in some species 

 teriiiliiiil racemes. Leaves various and 

 lical and sometimes Die cauline Ivrate- 

 ueiis (I, free. Se|mls ercct, the lateral 

 saccate or pouch like at base. Pod a 



