RAniAXl'S 



RASPBERRY 



1501 



lou.ixoyUnafiL'alrifsIiy or sot'r-cMi-k'- siliijue. wirh spuimy 

 tissur lietwfeu tlu' g;iu)Mi-,r -.reus, i inl<;-lii.-..-.Mit. TIk- 



i^eUllS is dtvi(le(.l into two ii;itnr:il :^n>Ul)S, niir ( K;i|ili;iri- 



istraiu) with the iiod lMimnru>l ni:il ly .u-i-movimI ;iii<t mn- 

 sti-iL"te<l butwreii tin- >cOfl>. i Ur uiIh.t i U:i|ili;iiins |M-n|irn 

 with tlie pod not grooved lu-r |iroitiiiiriit ly ooiistriclrd. 

 To the t'uniier group belongs R. Raphanistrum, l.iiiii., 

 the Jointed or "White C'harK>ek ( .soniei imes, hut erro- 

 neously, known as Rapel. It is an Ohl World aniutal 

 weeil. now naturalized in holds and N\asre plares in Ihe 

 easternnio^r ^laCos. it is :ni t-M'oet, sparsely hair\ lierh. 

 with slender tap-root and ra<lishdike iVs., growing 

 --d' ._. ft. high : \\s. rath or showy, ye do wish . turning 

 whire or purplish: ^il!<nn- 1-:; in. loii--, te\v-soeded, witli 

 a Iou'j: heak. It i- IrMin rhis sju-eies ihat (.'arriere ju-o- 

 dueod Radishes I >y means of planldireeding (see 7V.m//.s// |. 

 To the so'^ond soeiiou lioloiii;-s K. sativiiS, Linn., the 

 l!adi--h. i:-onorall\- ronsidored to lie native to Europe and 

 Asia, hut unknown iu an ah,iriginal wild state. It is 

 usually an annual. alrhoui::li eoinniouly spoken of as hien- 

 lual. beeause the roots can be kept over winter and 

 planted the following spring. The winter Radishes 

 are truly biennial iu northern elimates. Radish has 

 pinkdilae or nearly whiro ds.. and sliort, thick, spongy, 

 taper- pointed poils. Sometimes it runs wild in waste 

 places, and tlien bears a long, hard taji-root like that of 

 A'. B'rpJi<f„is(r>nji. Tin- Radish is extensively e\dti- 

 vated for irs rhi>'l^ rooi s. wiiiidi have been develojied 

 into nianv shapes and rolors. There are Chinese tyi^es 

 of Radish that ha\"e a hanl root little more tliau 1 in. in 

 diani.. and sometimes beeoniing nearly 1 ft. long. Some 

 forms are seareelv distinguishable from short tunups. 

 The Madras Radish (India) is grown for its soft. ten(b^r 

 pods, which are eaten raw or in idekles. The Rat-tailed 

 or Seri>ent Radish, var. catidatus {B.'-dittirifus, Linn.), 

 lias enormously huiLT pods ( see 

 Fig. 20bi.; I . wiiirh are oaten 

 either pickleil, or raw as Rad- 

 ish roots are. Frequentlv the .^i^^r^'^ 

 pods are 1 ft. lont;. The' root „#.jr^ 

 is.lmnlerand hard. Tliis is a ^j^i 

 cultural varioty, eonuuL^ true ^ ''' 

 from ^eed. j^ ^ [; 



KAPHIA. See J,''iffia. 



KAPHIDOPHORA. See 



RAPHIOLEPIS (iTi-eek, ni- 

 pliis. ne,^dIo.and le/u's. scale; 

 referrinu' t:> the s u b u late 

 bracts ) , Sometimes spelled 

 I^ h o j> li i I c p i s. J^osdc'/a-. 

 Ornamental ever^rei^n shrubs. 

 with alternate or ob,--ciire]y 

 whorled. nsnally serrate Ivs.. 

 white or slightly pinkish Hs. in termi- 

 nal racemes or jianitdes and small ]"a-a- 

 sized black fruits. None of the species 

 are hardy nortli. but all are liandsome 

 broad-leaved o\-erLn-oen- for cultivation 

 in the southern states ami (.'aliforniji. 

 They will thrive iu any goo.!, well- 

 drained soil, and if cultivated in pots, a compost of 

 sandy loam and leaf-mold or peat will suit tijem. Prop. 

 by see<ls or by cuttiuLTs of riponed wood under glass 

 late in sumuu-r: aNu liy layers, and -ornetimos grafted 

 on hawthorn. Two s]n-(des iu soutliorn Jaiian and 

 China, allied to Sorbus ami Photinia, but Ms. in racemes 

 or paniides. with deciduous cah'x: stamens ]."i-'Ji): st\ Irv 

 2-Pi. connate l)rdow: fr. small, bluish or purplish black, 

 bloom}', with one globular seed. 



Jap6nica, Sieb. .t Zncc. l 7?. orAtrf. Brioti. Shrub, to 

 1'^ ft., with stout, upright branches: Ivs. sh-irt-])etioled. 

 broadiv i.val or obovate, olituse or acutislj . narr<'W(.'d at 

 tho lias.-, crenate-sori'ate. dark L-reen and lu-lrou-^ al)ove, 

 pale boueath. tlocco-c-romontove when young, tluck, 

 I'.j-;; in. long: fls. whifc ''4 in. across, fragrant, in 

 <h-ti-o. tomentose pani'dos ,0- rn-'i-nies; petals obovate. 

 obtus,-: fr. to ^.. in. a'-ro-.. :\la v. .Tujie. S.dajiauand 

 adjacent islands. S./.l:^.''. E.H , 1^70, p. iUS, l^n. L'2, 



I', hi; :;J, ].. l:0: :m. p. ir.s. — \'ar. integ-errima. Ilook. 

 Lvs. entile or nearly so, 10 .';'._, in. long. L.^l. ~>7\[0. 



tndica, Lindl. [h'.rhhni. Limll. Cnthxjus J ntlira , 

 Linu . 1 . 1mm AN I i AW rm 'RN. Shndi, to .j ft. . w ith 

 slendei'. spi'oadiiig brandies : l\"s. olM.>\'ate to ol dung- 

 lanceolate, acute or acundnate, gradual!}' narrowed ut 

 Ihe base, serrate. i;labrous i..r slightly |iubescoiit \\-lien 

 unfoldiug, r.j-'2'.j in. lou-: ds. wbito .n- pinkisli, about 

 ^j iu. acri.iss, in glabrous uv sLtmewlial. tojm.uitose, 

 ratlior loosi.- panicp-s; si'pads lanceolate, acute, usually 

 red liko the b laments; j totals acute: I'r. ^4--':; in. ao'uss. 

 .Ma}'. -Iiiue. S. Cbiiia. W.M. 1 7211. P.P. (l:4(i,S: 17:1^(11). 

 — _V \"rr\" \"ariab|e spocies; si-\Tral forms ha\ e i.n m de- 

 -rribcd as distiiicl species, as /,'. P],., ,.slr ,n<n< . ruhru and 

 s-f/irii))//,!, Lindl. The last named, which is \ar, salici- 

 Jolia, Nichols. . is Die most oruamental: l\-. oblong- 

 lanceolate, aniiiiinare: paulclos rathof large and many- 

 lid.; siameus wliiio or pnri>lish. shorter tbau sepals. 

 P.R. ,S:h,VJ. P. PL 1S74:-J7(|. (in. '.PL'i;. 7.'. rnhni, ad- 

 vertis.Ml l)y iheS.Calil'. Acclim. Asso, . is p,f ,<>.■,< u/ln, 



CTtini/'l/'l , wllich see. A h\lM'id between tlie tWo>]ie(deS 



is I\\ Ifi^/av'in a , Andre, forming' a coni[)act slirub with 

 rather large paniides of liluslo-d Ms. and the foliage in- 

 termediate between the two pai'ioits. R.H. 1!)0U:G!)8. 



ALFKt:o Kehiikk. 



RASPBERRY is a u-auiv applie.l to tbo>e bran.bh- in 

 which the fruit sei'arates I'roni the- reiaptaide when ripe. 

 Plate XXXIII. Three species are of impoitance in 

 Anierii.'au fri.ut-gr<i\ving. h'liJniK J^hins. the Lui-opean 

 Raspberry, )ias been longest iu culti\aTiou and is legist 

 imi"iortant now iu this I'ouutr}'. Though brought to 

 Anieriea b\- iiur forefatliers amoim' their earliest fruits, 

 and the ]">ai-eiit < d' man}' varieties Ino'e pi-oiUu/ed. the 

 syiecies has never rally adapted itself to the American 

 climate. (.Kving to this 

 ^^"^"^ vw«G'"fJ^^"'^~'^^^^S^ tact.tlie w.prk of Primd^le 

 ■^l^^^iiflL^^i^l^'W'^ '""^ uihers, ill improving 



/ i ^^^!^_\% -i^^r ,1,,. cenrnrv. lu'nvei! of 



'1 \\/^- ir-;V-',^T 



2080. Cuthbert Rasp- 

 berry ( \ ' .; I. 



le ]ieruianent value. The frnit 

 of sui'erior <pndi'\- ami cou- 

 ues U' riiien throui:-h a long 

 ■iod. but the plants are deficient 

 in hardin<^ss and jiroductiveness. 

 L'lihns sf ri<i>isns . the American red 

 Rasplierry. is very like its Euro- 

 pean congener. Thnngli slightly iti- 

 ferii'r iu quality (d' fruit, its greater 

 hardiness and productiveness have 

 sutticed to confine the conimer(dal 

 grtiwing of red Rasji berries \y\ 

 Anu'rica almost wlndly to this spe- 

 cies. It has iieen under domestica- 

 tion oidv wUhiu the last half of the 

 confiirv" Ciirhliort. tlie badin-- va- 

 rietv, is shown in FIlzs. L'll.sO. L'Osl. 

 -■ M/r u la lis. the bla.d< 

 is connnerciallv tVie 



Tn sliow habii of fnut- ^^'"'"'-^ ' 

 bearing. Raspher 



most imp<u1 ant Kaspberry in tlie 

 Unitcil States at the present time. It lends il.self read- 

 ily to cultural nu-thods. the )ilaut is hardy and proipae- 

 tive and the fruit is bettor able to meet tlie exiirencies 

 (.f market demands, tiion^h relislie<l less by most i.er- 

 sons, than that of rlie re^N. The -Towing of black-ciips 

 in held culture for evaporatiuu" has addi.-d irreatly to the 

 importance of tlie s]iei ios. This ran be done wdiere 



