EETINISPORA 



^vinter : tips of br;iiiclik>ts iiuddinj; : Ivs. crowded, 

 spi-eading, vtry soft, hluish given idiove, silvery white 

 l.elow. Tbe most oruaiueutsl uiul graceful and the best 

 known of these juvenile forms. The intermediate form 

 var. plumosa, Beissn. i\c H.a-hst. [Bitiiiispora jjIkiiiosii ) , 

 lias smaller, suhnlate and snhereet Ivs.. and is njueli 

 idanted, espeeiallv in its L'olden variegated form. See 

 Fig. 41Si. Vol. I. 



Chamsecyparis sphaeroidea, var. ericoides, Beissn. A.- 

 llo,-lixr. ( lulhihj'uni ./vcei,/, .v. Zu.T, I. Fig. 2(I',I4. Dense 

 -hrul.. of stiff, pyramidal oralne.^t e.ihininar lialiit. with 

 upright hranehe.s and bright green foliage, elianging to 

 violet-red or brownish red in winter: l\^. bright green 

 above, with 2 bluish lines below. This form is verv ilis- 

 tinet with its stiff, eobnnnar habit, but is less cunnicn 

 in enltivati.-.n. The intermediate form var. Andelyeusis, 



RHAMNUS 



1509 



(.'arr. ( U. 





I, /,t,;rl,l,l,,. 



H.n-t.l. shows als 

 stilf. pyramidal habit and bears idiieflv snmll. snberert 

 or ahnost scale - like Ivs.. and oi'casionalh' branchlets 

 with spreading linear kaives. i'ig. 2(i'.i4. 



Thuya occidentalis, var. ericoidfs, Beissn tV Hcclist. 

 (ir./;)i;s/,,o-,/ i,/cr.;j,... H.irt. J,\ ,/»/oo. C'arr.l. Dense 

 liroadly pyramidal or round-head, d bush, with upright 

 branches and dull green foliage. chanL'ing to brownish 

 green in winter: Ivs. linear, s.d't grayish green beneath. 

 The intermediate form. N-ar. Ellwangeriana, Beissn. 

 I h'. tiiiisih>r,( 1:11, r, 111,1, ri:'t, 1:1 . H..rt.l. has usually two 

 kimls of Ivs., liut the linear Ivs. are smaller th:in those 

 of the preceding form. 



Thuya orientalis, v:ir. decussata, Beissn. ct Hochst. 

 { h'.fniixponi JKin'ii, r,,}il< .1. V-M-r. R. (hcitssatii . Hurt. 

 Ji'. s,iii,irn'ix,i . Hort.l. Fig. 20y4. Dense, round-headed 

 bush, with bluish green ftiliage changing to violet or 

 steel color in winter: Ivs. rather rigid, bluish green, 

 spreading, concave and with a wdiitish line above. But 

 rarely ctilt. and not epiite hardy north. The intermediate 

 f'-rm. v;ir. Meldensis, Laws. {Ii'i'ti)itspora Jftl(h')i^is. 

 H'UT.i. h:is mtistly acicniar suberect Ivs. of the same 

 ct.>lor as in the preceding var. Aud^^h/i^nai.^' . 



Of Chamaecyparis obtusa no .iuvenile form seems to 

 be iTi c\iltivation. Imt it is highly proViable that the re- 

 cently introduced Jinii/i,r!,s .s'o>o/rr/ belongs here. In 

 ;i list of .Japanese coriifers from Yokohama, the same 

 fcu-m is called < 'l,(i /',,i ,ii ,>,, rU ,'/'t'fsti . vav. ericoides. It 

 is a <lwarf and dense. glulMise bush, with bluish green 

 spreading linear, obtuse leaves. M.D.G. 1900, 1:489. 

 Ch't nuieijparis obtusa. var. J, j,toehuJa, Hort.. is a form 

 of C . sp It eero i dea. 



These .iuvenile forms are valualile for formal garden- 

 ing. f<"ir rockeries, small irardens and wherever sli:ov- 

 growing and dwarf conifers are desired. They are 

 shurt-lived and Tisnally became unsightly when older. 

 They are all readily prop. !ty .■uttings. .See alsL' Chtnu- 

 ireifpafis and Tlu<[ia. 



1\. denissata. Hort.=Thny,'i erient;dis, v;tr. decussata.— 7?. 



did, in. Carr.=Thnya r ide7it;dis, \;ir. erimjjes. — E. Ellican- 



li-'riaua. Hort.=Tiiuya occidentalis. var. Ellwangeriana. — 7i*. 

 ei-icoides.Ziicc. =Cliama?cyparis sph.neroidea, var. ericoides.^^Tv", 

 'o-('cci rfc^. Hort. =Thuyaoecideut alls. var. ericoides. —ii*./(7 'CO (f/cs, 

 Hort. = C'ham:tc,vpr,ris obtusa. var. Itre^iramea. — B. filifera, 

 St;ind.=<'ham:-ecVparis pisifera. var. filifera.— i?. j!(Hi>p™idcs. 

 t'arr.=Thuya orientalis. var. decussata.— /i*. leptoclada. Zucc. 

 — (i'hamsecj'paris pisifera. var. scpi.arrosa. — ii*. leptoclada. Hort. 

 =<"ham0ecyparis sphteroides. var. An<lelyensis.— ii*. ti/cojnid- 

 i,,'"ies. Gord.=CharQ.T?cyparis obtusa. var. lycopodioides.~/i'. 

 M,ddensifi. Hort.=Thnya orientalis. var. Meldensis.— ii'. c^^iV.sc. 

 Sieft. ct Zucc. = Charufecyparis ohXw^ii. — li. pisifera . .Sieb l^ 

 Zucc.^Chamsecyparispisifera.— J?, riiiida. Carr.— Thuya orien- 

 talis. var. decussata.— 7f. Si'<'')cM/.Hort,=Tbnya orientalis. var. 

 ■lecussata.— i?. SQaarrd.,^a. Sieb. ct Zncc.=Chama?cyp.'tris T,iisif- 

 era. var. squarrosa.- ff. srjuarrdsa. Hort. = Thuya orientalis. 

 v;ii-. decussata. Alfked Eehdek. 



KEYN6SIA (Dr. Alvaro Reynoso. 1830-1888. Cuban 

 agricultural chemist and inventor of a machiite for ii]- 

 creasing the yield of sugar). Ifhamiideete. Three spe- 

 cies of tender shrubs or small trees, all native to the 

 AVest Indies. One of them is also native to Miami and 

 the Florida Keys, and was offered by Eeasoner Bros, 

 presumably for' its edible fruits. The fis. are minute 

 and devoid of petals, but the berries are half an inch 

 long, oval and purple or nearly black in color. Generic 

 character.s: lis. perfect; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes decid- 

 uous: ovary 2-3-loculed: ovules solitary, erect: fr. a 



1-seeded drupe, with ruminate albumen. This geims is 

 not in Bentham and Honker's Genera Plantarum. but 

 technical accounts njay be found in the Synojitical 

 Flora of North America, Sargent's Silva and Cliapiman's 

 Flora of the Southern I'mtcd States. 



latifblia, Grisel). Red Iroxwood. Paki.ing Plvm. 

 Slender tree, Llo-'J.") ft. high: Ivs. oyal, oblong or subro- 

 fund, usually enuirginate, 1-1,^2 in. long, leathery: mar- 

 gins revolute: lis. in axillary umbels, borm^ in I\Iay: fr. 

 ripens in November or the following .spring. S.S. 2:."i0. 



W. M. 



^fr^ 





2094. Retinisporas ( X ^ ;i ) . 



The specimen nn tlie left is Thuya orientalis, var. 

 decTissatu : middle, ChamteejTiaris Jiplufroidea. var. 

 ericoides; right, C spha?roidea, var. Andelyensis. 



RHAMNUS ( its am-ieiit Greek name I. Iiu-huUrtti: 

 Fran>!uh:i. Nhmn >iaci.(r. Buckthorn. (Jrnanieutal de- 

 eidtious or evergreen, srinieTimes spiny shrubs or rarely 

 small trees, with alternate or opposite simple vs., in- 

 conspicuous greenish ris. in axillary clusters appearing; 

 in spring shortly after the Ivs., and berry-like usually 

 black, rarely red. fruits. The Buckthorns, except A'. 

 catharfica, are but rarely cult., and the hardiness of 

 several of the species is therefore not yet fully estab- 

 lished; but JR. cathartica , Dahurica, aJ]>i)ia, Frcnujuln 

 and ahii folia can be <lepended upon as hanly, while the 

 northern deciduous torms otJR.PursJiirnta and h'. hinr,^o- 

 U'iii are hardy at least as far north as Mass. It.Lil'n unfir-i 

 and Carohniana are somewhat more tender. The hand- 

 somest in foliage are /i'. (ilphio and Lihn notlrd . B. 

 Purshiana , Caroli tiiu )i<i , ahdfolift Dalncrica and Pran- 

 giila are also noteworthy on account of pretty foliage. 

 Of the evergreen species which are not hardy north, 

 J?, crocea is to be recommended for its ornamental 

 bright red frtiits. Buckthorns are useful for planting 

 in shrubberies; they like a rather moist soil, especially 

 P. hniceolafa , aluifolta, CaroUnknia and Fraugultt , and 

 grow well in shaded or partly shaded sittiations, but P. 

 cathartica and its allies prefer dry soil. I\'. cailturtica 

 is a valuable hedge plant, though it is now not used as 

 extensively as in the past. The species arc propagated 

 by seeds stratitied or sown in fall, and by layt-rs. Some, 

 as R. hniceolafa, alpina and alnifoJia . are also jirnj), by 

 ctittings. The evergreen species are prop, by cuttings 

 of ripened wood under glass. Rarer kinds are some- 

 times grafted, those of the Frangula gmujis usually on 

 h'. Frangjila and the true Buckthorns on iv. calliartica 

 or allied species 



Rhamnus is a genus ut more than 60 species, native 

 chietiv to the temperate regions of the northern hemi- 

 sphere. A few species are found in the tropics and as 

 far south as Brazil and S. Africa. Lvs. witli small decid- 

 tious stipules: Hs. small, in axillary clusters, umbels or 

 racemes, perfect, polygamous or dioecious; sepals, pet- 

 als and stamens 4-5, petals sometimes wanting; -style 

 usually undivided: ovary 2-4-loculed : fr. a globular or 

 oblong 2— 1-seeded ilrupe. Several species yiold yellow 

 or green dves and the fruits and bark of some are used 

 medicinallv. The wood of E. Frangula is made into 

 charcoal valued for the manufacture of gunpowder. 



