ROSA 



ROSA 



1547 



Orllcrs, Its; /('. 

 n(<:a, are bardv 



rei^-ard to the I'oliag'e the haiiasoniest ot* the Viardv 

 Ko-t'-^. witli us dark ^'rMrii leathery auil -h.'ssy k^aves. 



Most "t The s|H'ries are hardy ur'altuust hardv iiurih, 

 as i/. >■,■;./. -.v<^ srinjini. (.'arolnni. \' i n/ hi iaiia .' I nr ,-<h! , 

 Ji'iiliUls, rnu'nnt, rnlu.jlno.sn, s/'i ims i ss I ma . ii/piihi, a r- 

 (■< iisis and uiiilllfloru . Soiiir si>,M;hs, ;,s /,■, 11'/,-/;/^^,//- 

 an<l.. .■ii-l>ll>< rfii-rus, Si'rlrr,<, iiiiv ro i^lnjl hi . ('Iiiiimsis atul 

 Eijhiutt rill, rr^iuin- prorcrtiDu iiurth. 

 liuiiksiii. hrarfrala, f<>ri,/,ittt aiid <i!<jii 

 oidv south. 



With few- excei'tions thr Rosrs are of easy (■idri\atiuii 

 and ii-row in ahiiost any kind ot S'dl. i.-xrrpt in a loose 

 and vef\- sandy one. The\- arr readilv tran^phnited. 

 The Wihl Ku-L's need little' prunin-: tln'y slK^nld only 

 be thiuned out and the wrak and nld wnod l)r rmioved"; 

 long aiul viL;urous ^Imots slmuM not he shnrrciu.l . es- 

 pecially in the elinil'in^' varieties, as these shuuts are 

 the most Horiferuus. 



All true speeies ean he propai^'ate.l hy s.-rds. The 

 hips should be gathei-ed as sunn as ri'iie, vhr seeds 

 washed out and sown at once ur stratified a.nd sown in 

 spring. They c^erminaK- the tirst yrar, hnt if ki'i^t in 

 the hips during- rlir wintfr and alh-wed to lir.-inDo dry, 

 they usually do nor i^-erniinate nntil the s(.t,,ii<i yva'v. 

 Miee are very fond of the si-rds. Almost all sp'ccies 

 grow readily from cuttings of nearly riponed wood in 

 snnnner under glass. Many siK-eies, espoidally the 

 climbing Roses, ean he propagated hy hardwood cut- 

 tings taken in fall and planted in s]irint;'. La\ering is 

 less often practiced, except witli a few species, like ii'. 

 Jutea and Ii, hemisp/ia rica , which do not grow readily 

 from cuttings. Some species, especially tliose of the 

 groups of Cinnaniomea^', Carolina.^ and < Tallica', can be 

 increased by root -cuttings; the rrnits are taken up in 

 fall, stored during tlie winter in spha--nuni or sand in a 

 frost-proof room, and sown in sprini;- in drills and 

 cohered about 2 inches deep. The s[ie(des of the last- 

 named groups and some others are alsu uften increased 

 by suckers and division. Budding and grafting is less 

 often doue with the Wild Roses and should be avoided 

 for Roses in shrubberies where the individual plants 

 cannot be carefully watched; the stock usually throws 

 up suckers and outgrows the cion. often iu a short time. 



and species the innumerable forins whi'di (d'len i-a~.s 

 gradually into each other, In no other Ljenns, perha]is, 

 are 1 lie o])inions of hotaiiists so nnndi at varianci' in 

 reL;'aril rn the nnynher of spoidcs. AVli ile sonic, as 

 Benlham and Hooker. e-tinuLte tin- numlier at about 30, 



^^ 



2146. A 5-foHolate Rose leaf. 



Rosa is a widespread genus, easily distinguished by 

 well-marked characters from allied genera, but in the 

 limits of the genus itself the cdiaracters are exceedingly 

 variable and it is very dillicult to group into sections 



2M7. A 9-foUolate Rose leaf. 



the French botanist Giandoger actually describes fr<.)m 

 Europe and western Asia alone i.-tji.i species. The 

 majority of botanists reco::;-nize over 100 species. The 

 Roses are almost equally distributed through the colder 

 and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, in 

 America extending to North Mexico, in Africa ti:> Abys- 

 sinia, and in Asia to India. They are all shrul.is of 

 upright habit, or climbing or sarmeuto.se, with usually 

 pricklv stems: Ivs. stipulate, alternate, odd-piunate, 

 with :; to many Ifts. (Figs. 2Ui;, 2147 i, rarely simide: 

 the lis. are imistly large and sln.iwy. pink, imrple, whiti.- 

 or yelh.iw, and a]i]iear usually siditar}" or cirymliose a.T 

 theend of ^liort hranchlets: ]>erals and sepals 5, rarely 

 4; stamens numerous; pistils numerous, rarely few. in- 

 closed in an urn-shaped receptaide. which becomes fleshy 

 aud berrydike at maturity, containin^i' several or many 

 hon"\' akenes, usuallv erroneouslv called seeds; the fr. 

 itself is called a "liip.- Fig. 2U.s. 214!i. The tK. show 

 a remarkable tendency to become dinible. and such 

 forms have been known aud cultivated from time ini- 

 meiuorial. These innumerable garden forms, increas- 

 ing every year, are almost ex'dusively of hylirid origin 

 and are therefore omitted in the botanical classiticatioH 

 of the genus. 



Many attempts have been maile to subdivide the 

 genus with more or less satisfactory results: the more 

 important are those by A, DeCandolle, Lindley, Regel 

 and Baker. Nowadays the arrangement proposed by 

 Crtepin is considered the most natural and satisfactory 

 and has been followed in the account given below. No 

 good general m'inoi;-raph bus l)een published since 

 Lindley's Monographia Ro.sarum (1^2(11, except a rather 

 short one by Regel in 1S77. Of the more recent piibli- 

 cations the most important are those of i're])in. espe- 

 cially his "Primitive Monographic Rosarum." In con- 

 sulting his publications one has to bear iu mind that the 

 author chaiiged his opinion somewliat respecting the 

 value of the species during his studies of the genus. 

 In his later publications he takes a broa<ler view in 

 retrard to the specific value of the Rose forms aud 

 unites under one species many forms which he for- 

 merly considered as distinct species. An illustrated 

 monograph valuable for the knowledge '.>f the older 

 garden forms and species is Thory and Redoute's "Les 



