1594 



SABAL 



SACCOLABIUM 



2. mauritiseSbrme, Gri.seb. & Wendl. Also spelled 

 mauriliit'ortnis, etc. Trunk middle-sized, but occasion- 

 idly attainiiif; GO-80 ft.: Ivs. linally 12 ft. across; blade 

 suborbicular, louger than the petiole, glaucous beneath, 

 multitid to the middle, with loose fibers between the 

 bifid lobes. West Indies. — The name maurltiiffforme 

 does not appear in the American trade, but S. glances- 

 cens, Locld. and Hort., probably belongs here, according 

 to Grisebach. Nehrling writes: '^S. glcntcescens of the 

 trade rivals S. ionhrafulit'eynni in beauty and rapidity 

 of growth. Its leaves, though .smaller, have a beautiful 

 bluish greeu color." 



3. Palmetto, Lodd. Cabeagh; Palmetto. Fig. 222-i. 

 Stem erect, 20-^0 ft. high: Ivs. 5-y ft. i(Mli,^ cordate in 

 outline, recurvir-d at the summit, shortL-r than the 

 petiole; segments deeply cleft; spadix spreading, 

 shorter than the Ivs.: drupe black, z^-.^a in. long. 

 Southern states. S.S. 10:507. A. P. 12:028. ->S. Mocbii, 

 Hort., is referred to ;S^. Pnhncito by Voss, but Nehrling 

 describes it as a steniless plant from Mexico, more 

 beautiful than the Dwarf Palmetto, bearing immense 

 Ivs. on strong stalks, tlie Ivs. attaining a height of 6-8 

 ft. ^'. Palmetto has been confused in the European 

 trade with ^'. Mrxiciniiini. 



4. Blackburnianum, Glazebrook {S. umhr'tai lifer ion, 

 Mart.l. Stem .":0-40 ft. high, thickened at the middle: 

 bhide ample, orbicular, ghmcous, rather rigid, shorter 

 than the petirde; lobfS a)"M)ut 40, ensiforni, bifid, fila- 

 mentous, rather rigid. West Indies. G. F. 4:307. 

 (t.C. II. 2:777. Loudon's Gard. Mag. 5:52-.57, with 

 several figures,— Tliis spL-'<-ips has also been confused in 

 the trade with iS'. Mesu-u}iani . 



o. Mexic^num, Mart. Stout tree, with trunk some- 

 times 50 ft. tall and 2 ft. in diam. ; Ivs. very large, some- 

 times (3 ft. long and 7 ft. wide, divided to the middle 

 into many narrow 2-parted segments, which are filamen- 

 tous on the margins: fr. % in. in diam., globose or 

 sometimes3-lolied, with thin dry flesh. Tex., Mex. S.S. 

 10:.')08.— Nehrling writes: "This species is more robust 

 than tliose native to Florida; it forms a broader and 

 denser crown of Ivs. and grows more quickly." 



The following nre mostly tr;ulc iKimes, but at present they 

 '.■an be only imperfectly desrT'ilK-d; ,S. ccerulescens, W. Bull. 

 A niitive of Oolombi;i introihired in, 1875. Apparently only tlie 

 juvenile stnte li.'is bci*n 'fcscri bed. Lvs. elongate, linear-lanceo- 

 b'Lte, jjlieate, '."itli a bbiisb m- ^hinr-ous green color which is very 

 htroiif^ty markeil on the hh'Iit ,siirf;t.'-e. Nehrling writes that he 

 cannot disliiiguish ;it pri'S(Mif his sjn.T.-imeus of S. eterulesceiis 

 from W. t,d;LU'-C'srens,— ,S'. it.-alhatinii, Hort. "This species," 

 writes X'-hrlhig, ''reminds ouy of S. Mociui, although it Is 

 smaller in nil its parts;. The leaves are nmneroiis, glaucous 

 green aud uf a tiTie fan-shaped forin. Compared with the Sabals 

 lliat fnrtn n trunk, these stemless species have little beauty, 

 rhougli thi'v I'luk well as foliuge plants in company with C.yeas 

 rm-olut;!, and l>ionn edale." The name "deaDiatum" means 

 whiti-ncd. — X. <!hirsbref/fili.i\ Hort., is very similar to 8. ura- 

 braculitVra, according to Vehrling.— .S. ohnicuni. Hort., Pitcher 

 and jManda., ISK.'i, may possiljly be meant for S. glaucescens. 

 — ,S'. Haranrih-^is, Lodd,, according to Xehrling, "is a more up- 

 right grower than S. Blackliurnianum, has a slender stem and 

 tlie leaf-stalks are longer and thinner. The leaves have ahhrish 

 green color wliile yonng, clianging to a fine dark green when 

 they u_ct older." H;Lbit;it nnkmiwu.— -S'. Roogendorpi, H-n't . is 

 :miI(. by XrhrJing.— N. J,i r„ niru „< , Hort., Pitcher & Manda. is 

 jinssibly meant for S. H;i vam-nsis, sinec Sabal is an Amei-i- 

 ean genus .'lud is nnt kimwu in Java.. — .S'. loniiifdUmn , Hnrr., 

 aei.-ording to Nehrling " has very numer-nis, long and sh;nder 

 lvs. whieh are briglit gn^eTi aimve and silvery below."— ,S, ton- 

 !ii perl unci' laf II 111, Hort.. -.v'-nv'WMg to Nehrling, "is a stemless 

 plant with smaller lvs. tbaii those of S. Mocini and verv long 

 and slender stalks," Ke;isnner adds that the lvs. are glaucous 

 green.— N. jn-uir.'j,s\ Horr,, a. ■cording to Nehrling, "is \ erv 

 similar to S. umbraeulifera. — N. I'rr.^aiia, Trelease. Trunk 

 irior:;.') rt. high and upwards of 1 ft. iu diam.: lvs. glabroas, 

 very glaucous; petiole sloar, e(,ne;nn-eonvex, unarmed, aliout 

 40 in. long, nearly 1 in. wi<le and nearly 2-;3 in. thiid;: blade 

 about 411 iu. long and wide, njultbid, with coarse straw-colored 

 tillers fi-om I he sinuses, the eentev a.rrnatelv r^>eur\ed: fr of a 



.single develM],ed e;i,rpe|, de,>ressed gInbnSe, ■'4 in. or less in 



diam., edible, -fen, (,]■ \n h^a d i\v diiiLTv brown ri,nd somewhat 

 glossy, the mesMr,.,rp H,,.,! euilmiy; ejid<>e;,.i-p whitish str;i.w- 

 erdor, glossy wilhin; seed pobshed, da.rk chestnutdn'own 

 bibyrmtlnform-rugose, nmrh de|M-essrd. Sonora, IMoxieo, in 

 tlie vicinity of Ures. Desnibed ;iini li-uivd in vol. VJ (IDiil) of 

 Kept. I\ro. l3ot. G:i,rd. "InhMin ihc' u^n ;irboivnns palnieltos of 

 the ITnit.rd States. W. l'res;i.ii,-i, diliei-y, markedly iu ils pale, 

 vry gla,iicous ]oli;i.ge, and in the size of its fruit, whieh is of 

 tlirn-e t he dia,nn'ler nf that of S, Palmetto, and usually a third 

 larger than iu S. .Mexieaiia, with the former of which species 



it agrees iu having but one of the three carpels developed and 



fertile, while in W. IMexicana two or even all three are not in- 

 frequently developed. (.Considering the extent to which this 

 section of Mexico has been visited by collectors of seeds it 

 would be remarkable if this attractive plant should not prove 

 to be already in cultivation in European gardens." Possibly 

 already in cult, in this country. -[^y ^^ 



SABBATIA (Liberatus Sabbati, Italian botanist of the 

 eighteenth century). Oentianace(i'. About 13 species of 

 Atlantic North American annuals or biennials with 

 showy rose-pink or white fis. in summer or autumn. 

 Fls. o-12-merous, in cymes or terminating the branches; 

 calyx r)-12-cleft; corolla rotate, usually with a yellow 

 eye, the lobes convolute in the bud; filaments rather 

 short, filiform; anthers linear or elongate oblong, ar- 

 cuate, recurved or revolute; style 2-cleft or parted: 

 capsule ghdKjso or ovoid, thick-coriaceous or at first 

 fleshy: seeds small, numerous. 



Sabbatias require a light, sweet soil. Seed may be 

 sown in fall or e;irly spring. The plants are easily 

 transplanted. 



A. P!s. 5-part('d, randij 6-7-pitrteit . 

 D. Lcs. )ia rroiv-ohlanceolatc to J i near. 

 (.'. Coh'T of fl>^. roue to white: Ivs. obtuse. 

 brachi^ta, Eli. Stem but slightly angled, 1-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. mostly obtuse, obscurely 3-nerved at the 

 base: fls. showy, light rose to white, 1-lK in. across, iu 

 thyrsiforra panicles, the lateral peduncles bearing usu- 

 ally 3-fld. cymes; caljTz-lobes narrowly linear, shorter 

 or nearly equaling the corolla. May-Sept. Ind. to 

 N. C. and south. B.B. 2:b09. 



0(.'. Color of fls. ivh it e, fading yetloivisli: lvs. acute. 



lanceol^ta, Torr. & Gray. Stem simple, 1-3 ft. high: 

 lvs. about 1 in. h.>ng, shorter than internodes, acute, 

 3-5-nerved, the floral reduced to subulate bracts: tls. 

 about 1 in. ucross, white, fading yellowish; calyxdohe 

 more than half the length of tho corolla. May-Sept. 

 Wet pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. B.B. 2:001). 



BB. Lvs. iviOer, cordate-ovate, clasping. 

 angularis, Pursh. Stom sharply angled, l?^-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. ;i-.j-nerved : fis. fragrant, showy, light rose 

 to white, 1-2 in. across, in much-branched pyramidal or 

 somewhat corymbose cymes; calyx-lobes linear, much 

 shorter than the corolla. Kich. light soil in open fields. 

 W. Ganada \o Fla. B.B. 2:f;i0. 



AA. Fls. S-12-partvd. 



chloroides, Pursh. Stem truly biennial, 1-2 ft. high, 

 often decumbent, loosely and sparingly branched above: 

 lvs. obb.ng-laueeolate or the lower obloug-spatulate: 

 fls. rosc-pufi'le, nreasionally white, 2 in. across, showy, 

 solitary on iialvod. sunicwliat paniculate peduncles; 

 calyx-lobes subu]at<'-Iinear, about half the length of the 

 spatulate-obov;ito lobes of tlic corolla. i\Iargins of pine 

 barren swampsaloiig tliecoast. Mass.. Fla. B.B. 2:1112. 



F. W. Barclay. 



SACCHARUM {siiccharon,o\(\ Greek maniefor sugar) 

 Gra iiiinca'. Si'ecios 12, in tropical regions, mostly of 

 the Old World. Tall grasses with stout culm and ample 

 panicles, the liramdies of which are many-jointed; the 

 small, slender spikelets 1-fld., surrounded by long silky 

 hairs. DihVrs from Frianthus in having tlie spikelets 

 awnless. The most important species is the Sugar Cane, 

 which is oxtensiv( ly cnilivated in tropicnl and subtropi- 

 cal countrifis for the produ<-iion of sugar. Propagated 

 by cuttings of the stem. Native country unknown, but 

 probably oast Asia.. CuUivnted from time immemorial, 

 for whicli reason many variei ies have lost the power to 

 produ-'o Idooni or at least to ])rodnco fertile seed. Rum 

 is produced from the ferntented molasses. 



officiua,rum, Linn. Sugar Cane. Stem S-20 ft. high, 

 1-2 in. thick, third empty glume wanting. 



A. S. Hitchcock. 



SACCOLABIUM (mmn' rof<'rring to the saccate label- 

 Inni). Orrhiili'li-r.r. lOpipbytic herbs with erect leafy 

 sti'ins incri'asiiig in length l)y continued growth at the 

 a[)ex: l\-s. <lisfi(dious, loatht-rv and Heshv, usually chan- 

 neled; itiHorescence lateral, i"n the cultivated species a 

 long, densoly-dd. cylindrical raceme: fis. medium or 



