1598 SAINTPAULIA 



few-fld. cj-mes: sepals 5-7, lineur, obtuse, erect, green; 

 corolla sub-rotate, the tube shorter than the sepals; 

 limb 2-lippecl, the upper lip 2-lobed, ami much the 

 smaller, the lower spreading, all lobes rounded, con- 

 cave, ciliolate; stamens 2, inserted in the contracted 

 mouth of the tube; filaments short, stout: ovary ovoid, 

 hirsute; style filiform; stigma purple: seeds many, 

 very minute. One of the choicest of blue winter-flower- 

 ing plants First liloomeil in cult in Isilll. 



/-' 2227 Saintpaulia ionartha(\ "■ J 

 ' A youni; pluiit just coming into l>loom. 



ionantha, I-Ienn. & Wi-udl. Afkioan Violet. Usam- 

 BARA VidLET. Fig. 2227. B.iM. 7408. Gn. 47:1002. 

 A.G. l(j::!i;',i. R.B. 20:101), R.H. 189.3, p. 321. G.IM. 37: 

 62. G.C. 111. l:!:(;,8.5. Century Pxiolt of Gardening, 311. 

 — Of its propagation and cultiin,' G. ^V. Oliver says: 

 "The end of ]\larch is a good time to piropagate, wlien 

 the ripened lea"\'es should lie cut off witli about an inch 

 of the stalk attaclied, and inserted in the sand l^ed, cov- 

 ering only a small part of tlie leaf-blade. Tlie sand 

 should iH>t lie kejit too wet during the process of root- 

 iug. Their ]iropagation from seed and general culture 

 is similar to that of Gloxinia. The plants may be flow- 

 ered the entire year or given a period of rest by partly 

 withholding water." p, ^ Barclay. 



SALAD PLANTS. The principal s.alad plant in 

 America is the iettuce, which is used exclusively, but 

 nut always expertly, ft)r salads. For full directions for 

 growing lettuce in the garden and under ghiss, see 

 Li'ttiirr. Next to Iftttire the l)est known salad plant in 

 tills conrjtry is ]i7-iil);il)ly endi\'i-, \vhirh is excellent, 

 esfieci.-iUy wlicii well-I'hniidieil i'lant.s are to be had in 

 the winter, (liicfiry is much like enili\'e, as regards its 

 treatment either in the garden or in the salad dish. Like 

 endive, it is frerpiently seen in the larger city markets. 

 Tlie eommoTi dandelion should be nu-ntioned in this 

 category^. Wlien forced and blanched it makes a salad 

 tit for the most cultivated epicure. For ordinary home 

 cultivation and use, however, the common garden cress 

 ( TA'ptdufiti sdlinnii. nut watir cress, nor upland cress) 

 ranks next to lirtuci- in vuluo. Its rapid growth and 

 iiigh fla\'or equally recommend it. This plant is said to 

 be a great favorite in English gardens and forcing 

 houses, where it is gro\^n it) mixture with white mustard 

 ami is imlled ^'ery young and eaten roots and all. Corn 

 salad is another [)lant .sometimes grown in gardens and 

 used fur salad-making. It is most acceptable to those 

 who do not rfdish the pungency of mustard and cress. 

 Gives is used by many people as an ingredient of let- 

 tuce and other salads: also young onions. Many otiier 

 plants are used in vai-ious places and by various per- 

 sons for salads. 



Besides the sahad plants proper, many vegetables are 

 used in a cookecl or raw condition for salads. Stich are 

 cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, potatoes, lima 

 beans, beets, .lernsalem artiidmke, etc. With salad 

 plants may also be included pot-herbs, or "greens." 



SALIX 



The plants especially to be mentioned in this cate- 

 gory are Swiss chard, lieet tops, spinach, kale, endive, 

 and mustard. Many other plants find occasional or 

 local favor. See Gmnx. 



The only general cultural directions which can be 

 given for salad plants are that blancliing is often desir- 

 able and a quick unchecked growth is always a requisite. 

 An abundance of rapidly available fertilizer and plenty 

 of water are therefore to be insisted on. A warm, 

 light soil, in the best mechanical condition, is nec- 

 essary for the same reasons. p. A. Waugh. 



SALIC6KNIA (Latin, Halt and horn; saline plants 

 with horn-like branches). Clieiiopoijiacew . Glass- 

 WORT. Maksh Samphire. A genus of about 8 widely 

 scattered species of leafless seashore herbs, hardy or 

 tender, annual or perennial. This and other chenopods 

 which grow in large quantities in the Mediterranean re- 

 gion were formerly used in making soap and glass, as 

 they yield a large percentage of soda. The ashes of such 

 plant's were known to the trade as barilla. The species 

 have probably never been in cultivation and have no 

 horticultural interest. 



SALISBUKIA. See Ginkgo. 



SALIX (ancient Latin name of wiilow). Salicclcea;. 

 Willow. A genus of trees and shrubs characterized 

 by simple Ivs. : bads with a single bud-scale: Ivs. in 

 lax scaly spikes (aments) : the fls. subtended by a single 

 entire scale and nearly or quite destitute of perianth; 

 the staminate fl. with 1, 2, or 3-6 stamens; the pistil- 

 late fl. of a single pistil composed of 2 carpels and 2 

 more or less divided stigmas; at maturity the pistil 

 dehisces, setting free the small appeudaged seeds. 

 The wood is light, soft and diffuse porous. For the 

 staminate and pistillate flowers of Willow, see Figs. 831 

 and 833, Vol. II. The catkins or "pussies " are also 

 shown in Figs. 2228 and 2229 lierewith. 



The role that tlie Willow plays in the north temper- 

 ate regions is to a certain extent analogous to that 

 of the" Eucalyptus in subtropical regions in that it 

 flourishes in "wet ground and absorbs and transpires 

 inunense quantities of water. It has been used to plant 

 around cesspools lor sanitary effect. But while most 

 of the species occur spontaneously in wet ground or 

 along stream banks, the Willows may be cultivated in 

 various situations. The White Willow (S. alia) has 

 been used very effectively to fix stream banks against 

 erosion. Figs. 2230, 2231. Its root system is very 

 extensive and when well established withstands the 

 effect of heavy rapid streams as well as wave action. 



All species are readily propagated by cuttings. It 

 has been suggested that the brittleness at base of twigs 

 of some species, notably t-he Black Willow IS. nigra), 



2228. Staminate catkin 

 of Salix discolor. 

 Natur.al size. 



2229. Pistillate cat- 

 kin of Salix dis- 

 color. Natural size. 



is an adaptation to facilitate naturally the distribution 

 of the species. Certain it is that twigs broken from 

 the tree by the wind are carried down streams and, be- 

 coming anchored in the muddy banks, grow there. It is 

 one of the most aggressive trees in occupying such 

 places. 



