SALVIA 



3,000 ft. above seju B.M. oOlT. Gu. :27, p. Ti:;. Section l~S 

 ceratoplii/lla. Linn., is ;i yeliow-fld. biemiiul from Asi;i .Minor 

 remiirk;ihle for its bipinnatilid foliage. The lis. are less than 



1 in. lonj,'. but they perliaps represent tlie nearest api>rn;i<-h to 

 a good yello\T that Salvia affords. Fa\ 1:."i. Sertinn a — >s' 

 chamcvdrioldfs, Cav., is a hlne-tld. Moxica.n snbslirab, Ibe lower 

 lip iou^er than the upper :nn\ the ris. marked with white >m 

 both lips toward the tliroar. AUo found in Mex. B.M, SOS. 

 Section 7. — ^'. L'()/(/c/V'77'w-((, L'ohl, is a unique and most desira- 

 ble species. The raceme is extremely lony; (2 ft. I, with abnut. 



2 dozen distant whorls of tls.: whorls many-tld.: tls. small, 

 club-shaped, not widely f^iiping, white at base, bri^dit. soft wM 

 at apex. A charmiui^ subs!\rub, found in the Ort::au ^Mts. in 

 Brazil. B.M. oSOU. Section 7.— ^'. (//(■/(/■iJa. Hook., is perhaps a 

 botanical var. of S. bicolor. Its tls. are bhie, except the mid- 

 lobe of the lower lip, wliick is white. It is a. native of the At- 

 las Mts. in Morocco, probably a tender perennial herb. Rnoi- 

 Ivs. oblong, acute at base, while tliose of S. bicolor are deeplv 

 cordate. B.M. 0004. Section 6.— ^^ ch'tians, Vahl. Red-lld. 

 Mexican herb, slender. Ll-4 ft. high: whorls G-tUl.: Hs. scarlri. 

 tnore than 1 iu. lon^:. B.M. O-tiS (tls. purplish crimsoni, S.-c- 

 tion 7.— N. criofii!//.i\ Bertero. is a shrub fuuiid in -lanKiici 1k.-- 

 longing to a group remarkalde for their deii^elv wnnllv calircs, 

 It is titcured in K.H. 1S-|-;:1 with Avhite roroUas and purpln 

 oalices. Section 7. — ,S'. For-sk-ohlci, Linn., is a hardy perennial 

 from Asi.a iiinor. If it is worth cultivatiu;: it is for the no\-- 

 elty of the variegated tls.. which are eirrioiisly marked with 

 violet, blue and white, the lilaments red and the anthers bluf, 

 B.M. tl8S. Section ;;.— ^\ g(\^iiera'flora, Liudl. .'c Paxt., is a rcd- 

 tid. Colombian subshrnb. that should l.>e in eult. The lis. uv<- 

 large, brilliant, of very uncommon shape, lining swollen at tlie 

 middle and constricted at the throat; the lower hangs down 

 and is barely 2-cut at apex. I.H. l:o2. K.S. lH):'Ji;il. K. 

 lS-'il:14.>. — ^'. Gordo/tiana. a trade name in America., seems nu- 

 knowu to botanists. Possibly a form of some common species, 

 — ^^ Orahaini. Bentli. The showiest iiart of the ti. in this sp^'- 

 cies is the midlobe of the lower lip, whieh is large and obmr- 

 date. Mexican subshrnb, which bears deep crimson and imr- 

 ple fls. at the same time, the httter being the older ones. The 

 species is also remarkable tor 2 small white sjiots, one on eai-li 

 half of the midlobe of the lower lip. B.K. lG:i:.i70. Section 7.— 

 .S. Hei'}rii, Kegel. Peruvian subshrnb, 3-5 ft. high, with scarlet 

 lis., lately offered in S. Oalif., and formerly by rloliu Saul, of 

 Washington, D. C. Lvs. petioled, i.'vatedauceolate, acuminate, 

 cordate at base, toothed, pale green above, -whitish below, 4 ni. 

 long. 1 in. wide: wlnu-ls 2-lid.; lis. ^4 in. long or more, later 

 striped white; corolla not hairy inside. Proliably Section 7.— 

 ^'. Hispanica. Lin'i., is included in many modern works, but is 

 probably not worth cultivating. It is an annual with small 

 blue fls. scarcely longer than the calyx. Trop. Amcr. B.K. 

 5:3.!i9. S. Hispanica of some anthors, a native of ^iiain and 

 Italy, is S. otficinalis. Section 7. — S. ladica, Linn., is said by 

 the Flora '">f British Indi.-i to be a native of Syria, not of India. 

 It is a hardy perennial with varii:'g;ited tls.; upper lip violet; 

 lower lip shorter, white, speckled with violet ami bordered 

 with yellow. B.M. 39.3.— N. infcrrupfa, S^chou^ih. Hardy sub- 

 sliiTib from Morocco, with pinnatisect foliage and large, white- 

 throated tls. which are described in B.M. oSOO as dark violet- 

 purple. Imt shown as bine in the plate. Section 2. — N. I'lmiifii- 

 ?uv.-TacQ. uS. amf.ena, Sims). Blue- or violet-rid. West Indian 

 shrub, 6-8 ft. high. B.M. 1204. B.R. 0:446. L.B.C. 4:;!77. Sec- 

 tion 7.~-S. laventlt'lo'tdcs. HBK. (S. lavendnliftirmis, Neu- 

 mann), is an aznre-blue-rtd. Mexican perennial herb; whorls 

 about lO-fld. Very attractive. R.H. lH4o;44.'i. Section 7. — s'. 

 leoiiuroldes. GMoxin. (S. formosa, L'Herit.), belongs to a small 

 group of scarlet-rid. shnibs fn^m Peru and Brazil, which ;n-c 

 remarkable for their axillary inflorescence. Upper lip rt-d- 

 hairy. Peiii. B.M. 376. Section 7. — N. longifldra. Ruiz lV- Pav., 

 has probably the longest ris. of the genus. It is a Peruvian 

 shrub, with noddling racemes of re<i ris., each 4-5 in. lon^. ^^fc- 

 tion 7. — ^'. lua-crostacht/a, HBK., is a shrubby plant, found in 

 Ecuador and Colombia at In, 000 feet. It grows G ft. high ;nid 

 has large pale blue ris. which are overshadowed by the too con- 

 spicuous green, persistent bracts. B.M. 7372. Section 7. — S. 

 niarmorata Hort.. is said to be "white, stripeil scarlet," doubt- 

 less referring to the fls. Presnmaldy a variety of S. splendeus. 

 — .S. nifirescens was advertised by Joliu Saul a'.iont 1803 and 

 seems unknown to botanists. Possibly a form of some com- 

 mon species. "Fls. hlackish violet; calj'x lavender.'" — S, jiu- 

 tans. Linn., is given in ui;iny uiinlern works, but is scari'ely 

 worth cult, unless f-o- tii> unusual cir<"nmst;nice that tlie iu- 

 riorescence is nodiiiug. The fls. are violet and less than ^^ in. 

 long. Hardy perennial herl.) from western En. B.M. 24:;o. Sec- 

 tion 6. — N. rhomhifolia, Ruiz i!c Pav. Peimviau blue-rid. annu;(l. 

 the lower lip larger and lined with white at the thro;it. B.R. 

 17:1429ias S. foliosa. Bentli.).—.'^. rubcscens. HBK. (.'harming 

 slirub fn.'m Andes of Ecuador, with brilliant red condlas set 

 off by purple calices. Inliorescence panicled: ris. tubular, 1 in. 

 long, lower lip larger. B.!M. .5947. Section 7. "S'ery desirable. 

 — .y. scahl'-so-folia. Lam. ( S. Hablizi.ana, Willd,). One of the 

 most attriictive white-fld. Sahuas, and said to he hardy. Per- 

 ennial lierb form Tanria. \vith largo white ris. more or less 

 speckled with pink. B.:M. 1420 and 5200. Sc-tion 1.— .s\ scari- 

 fni-iiiis. H;tnce. The haldt of this ]ilaut is all hut nniriue and 

 singularly attractive. It has the alpine habit, lvs. all radical 

 and the slender leariess scripes rising 6-10 in., with a dozen or 

 more O-fld. distant whorls of small amethystine flowers. For- 



SAMBUCUS 



1 vm 



mosii, B.M. 00,^0. Section 11.— N. Schinti>i-r(, Bentli., has white 

 ris. 2 in. long ;iud is -me of the few desirable plants from Ahys- 

 siuia. It is ,(, mountain plant, luvsnmably a tender perennial 

 herb, with prominent liracts wliich are wliite, bordered green. 

 B.M. 6;:00. Section '^—S. strlctiflnra, Hook., is exceptionallv 

 interesting by reason of its stiffly erect, tubular ris., the lower 

 lip I'cing nnt at all reflexed. Red-rid. Peruvian shrub. B..\I. 

 ;-;i:;5. S,.-rti,,n 7 — X. taraxicif^Ua, Cosson lV Bal. Morocc ^ull- 

 shrul). with \ ai-iegated ris. and lower l\"s. like those of a damlc- 

 lion, Fls. purpl(\ with a yellow stripe on ea.ch h.alf of the mid- 

 lobe nf the louer lip nearthe throat. B.M, .V.ini. Gi-ows at 

 2.iHin-:;,0iii) fi,, l,ut luvsumably tender north. ,'<eeti<.n 1, — N. 

 !nru!,>r, Lem, not Hurt., has white fls. tipped with purjije no 

 the upper lip, ;in(l l)eantifully suffused with red at the u]"-\ of 

 the midlobe of tlieloNver lip. 1,11.4:120. F.S,12: 12:J7. Sertiou 7. 



W. M. 

 SALVlNIA (Antonio :\Iaria Salvini. 1G:;:;-1729, Italim. 

 scii'Hlist). Jl<i r.siln'ii'..-a-. .Saivinia is an interesting^: 

 l)l;uir for tlie .small home aquarium. It is a tioaline- 

 l>laiir with slender stems bearini,' 2-raiiked. ol.dong: Ivs. 

 4-b lines or even 1 in. lon^:. The upper surface of the lvs. 

 i-. covered with impilh-e or mintito warts; the lowi-r is 

 donsely matted witii bmwn, peiiui-id liairs. Tlie plant is 

 sup[M.sed to li;ive iio true roiits. ^VIlat hxd^ like roots 



are believed to be hllely dissected leaves. ,^Iany ai|natic 



jdanTs have those two types of foliay-o, e. •^.. the \Va.ter 

 Buttercup. h''i iiHiii.iilns nijiindlis . 



The plant i^ uf rusy culture in sunimer. but many 

 persons have h.tst il o\-i.n- winter by not understanding: 

 its lial.iits. ]t is ;iii annual and! often die.s in tlie 

 winter after j'ipeniiiij: a cro]i of spores, iiet a Vtroail 

 ].an. till it half full of loam aurl then till the pan \vith 

 water. After the w;ii.-i- has cleare<l place the Salvinias 

 on the surface. lit the winter watch for the formation 

 of the spore capsules. These grow in masses near the 

 top of the clusters of root-like leavi-s. After the plants 

 die- the s|iore ca]>sules will remain in tin- soil. The 

 idani often passes the wiiitiT in g-reenhLUises in a i^tow- 

 iug ctoiditioii. |"iro(lucjng 110 spores. 



S;tlvinia is not a llowering jilant. It is a cryjitoLrani 

 and has two kinds of s[)o)•^.-■^, large ones and iniiintH ones. 

 The "spori' c;ipsulos " mentioned above are technically 

 spcu'ocarps. * )f each cluster of sporocarps. 1 or '2 con- 

 tain 111 or more m.-^iP- macrosporangia, each of wliich 

 contains a solitary macro.^pore. The other sporocarps in 

 tin.-' idnster contain numerous pedicelled microsporan- 

 gia.jeacdi of which contains iinmer<ms micros]n:ires. For 

 a fuller and illustrated description see Britton and 

 Brown's Ilhistrated Flora, 



Salvinia is variously estimated to have l-F^ species. 

 Aquatic plants are noted for their wide ,u-eoi!:raphical 

 range. The variations inciilent to wide range are not 

 cotisidered wt.irthy the rank of species by itiany botan- 

 ists. Sfilrl II ill iitifd us. Linn., is the i-oniinon Eu- 

 r<ipean ami A-'ian sjiecies ;iinl i^ossibly the (Oily one. 

 N. Bi-diil'n iisis- is ;itiotlier trade name. Its lvs. are 

 said tf.i ha\"e a "delicate liairy surfa<.-e," ^^ ^.p 



SAMBUCUS (old Latin name of tlie Elder, perhaps 

 deri\'ed from (.ireek sa mlnikc, a musical iustrtimeiit 

 saiil to be made of Elder wood). C(rj>rifoUdce<i. Eli'EK. 

 About l2(i species of trees or shrul.ts (rarely perennial 

 herbs) wutli opposite, pinnate lvs.. Ifts. serrate or la- 

 ciniato, and numerous small white fis. in conijiound 

 cymes; fr. a juicy drupe or berry, red, black, white or 

 green. A valnablo gonus for the planter, of wliicli the 

 g':ddi.'it fi'rm^ are to<.i much tised and the American s])e- 

 cies. N. C,fii,i>J,-}isis and j"ihriis, too litth-. Eithcu- 

 massed i'Y single tlo-y are ^"ery elt'ecti^'e. A iiint for ilie 

 effective use of N. (',f mtil.'nsis and jmhciis may be bail 

 from natural plantaiions when the two s]M'cies are in- 

 termingled, the white liciwers of tlo^ former contr:i-ting 

 strongly with the red frtiit of the latter. Kicidily ]u-opa- 

 gated by cuttings either of wood or root. N. c 'ini'.nh'usis 

 is cuie of our minor fruit "|dants. Elderberry wine is a 

 cr^nnnon home product. The Brainard Elderberry in- 

 troduced in bS!K) by Brandt has fruits fully three times 

 as large as the wild berries. 



Botanically. Sambin-tis is ch-isely allied to Vibiunuim. 

 being essfutiallv distinguished liv the :;-5-loculed ov;iry. 

 that of Viburnum bidng usualh- I-loenh-d. ( itlier generic 

 characters: <'alyx ::-5-lobed oV tootlied: corolla rotate, 

 ;-'.-.3-parted, lobes generally imbricate: st;inien~ .»; di-^k 

 none or cioivex: styb^ H-parted: ovuh.-' solit;irv. pendu- 

 lous from aj)(.-x: druj^e o-o-stemed : stones 1-seeded. 



