SASSAFRAS 



planted when old on account of its Luis tap-roots. 



i-'rop. by seeds sown as soon as ri[ic; also Uy suckers, 



which are often freely produced, and liy roc.t-cuitiuu's. 

 One species in eastern N. America. ' Fls. iliu'ci.nis. 



rarely perfect, apetalous; calyx 6-parted ; stamens li.tlie 



3 inner ones furnished 

 at the i)ase with L!- 

 stalked. or.-inLre-ctdMri'd 

 ji^lainls; anihers o]Mat. 

 in^. with -1 V a I \" '■ s : 

 ovary s u p e r i im\ l- 

 locnled: fr. an (■hloni;- 

 OToid, l-see(h'd. dark 

 Itlue <lrnpe surroniid.-d 

 at tin-:' liase liy theihick- 

 ened scarlet calyx. 



officinale, Xees (.S. 

 S'ixsdfnix. Karst. ,S'. 

 citriiliiliiiiii , Ivu n tze. 

 Laiinix i<,i s .i,f f ra x. 

 Linn.). F i !;■ s. ^2'17l7^ 

 (winter trei-l, '2L!."iO. 

 Tree, 30-r,l), or ocra- 

 sionally !lll ft. hi-li; 

 youm; Viranches l,rii,dit 

 g'reen : l\s. oval anil 

 entire, or ."Mohed al- 

 mosl to the- middle, 

 ohtnsish, silky-jiuln-s- 

 cent \chen youuff, ftia- 

 nt;th. 3-4 in. loni;': fls. yellow. ^^ in. across. 



SAVORY 



ICl^ 





li'KVi'ili 

 2255. Sassalras tree 



tirous at 



in several-tid. racemes, umliellate wlien unfoldim;-, 

 afterward at the base of the youns l)ranchlets: fi-. '.^ 

 in. high. April. May. Mass. to' Ont! and Midi., south to 

 Fla. and Tex. S.S. 7:304-305. Em. 'JiMOO. O.F. 7:l;1.".. 

 Gn. 31, p. 449. Ai^frei. Rehdek. 



SATIN FLOWER. See Sixijrinchi ,nu . 



SATUKfilA, or SATITEEJA. See S.ironj. 



SAUNDEES, WIILIAM (Plate XLVl). hoith-ulturist 

 and landscape ;,'ardener, was born at St. Andrews. 

 Scotland, in 182:;; emigrated to America in 184,8; was 

 appointed botanist and superintendent of prupagatiiig 

 gardens, C S. Department of Agriculture in IStii'. and 

 dii-d at Washington, D. C. Si-|it. 11, Pino. When ^Mr. 

 Saunders first came to America he ser\'ed as gardem-r 

 in a number of places, first at New Haven, Oonn., and 

 later near (.Teritutntown, Pa. Fie was instrutnental at 

 this time in the iinyo-o^a metit <if a number of import- 

 ant private and pnldie iin.]iertii's. sncli as Clifton Park 

 in Baltimore, an estate of 400 acres; Fairmount ami 

 Hunting Parks in Philadelphia, and cemeteries at Am- 

 boy and Rahway, New .Jersey. Mr. Saunders' most im- 

 portant piece of work in landscape gardening was in 

 connection with the planting and l:iying out of the 

 Gettysbnrg Cemetery. Soon after linisluug this wculi. 

 he took up his duties as superintendent of the gardens 

 and gronnds of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

 Through his efforts much was ilonc towards beautify- 

 ing the streets of Washington in the planting of trci's 

 and the improvement of the parks. Tin- grounds of the 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture "woi-o laid f>u1 and 

 planted by Mr. Saunders, and for a inimlier of yeai-s 

 after the work was inangtirtded lie was actively eii- 

 gaged in introducing plants from ;dl over the world, 

 testing the same and making distriOutiims wdiereccr it 

 was thought they might succeed. One of the most im- 

 portant of his introductions was the mwol ortinge, 

 which was first called to his attention by a woman from 

 fiahia, Brazil, about IBtJO. Mr. Saunders secured ab.ait 

 a dozen budded trees and planted them in tlie green- 

 houses at Washington. Soon after some of the bud 

 wood was distributed in California, and these few trees 

 formed the nucleus for the large plantings of the navel 

 oranges now at Riverside and elsewhere. Wliile Mr. 

 Saunders had been known best as a horticulturist, lie 

 was prominently identified with many other important 

 movements looking tow^ard tlie advancement of agricul- 

 ture in this country. As early as 18."i.o he was actively 

 engaged iti an effort to organize an association of farm- 

 ers, and this work eventually resulted in the forma- 

 tion of the Grange, of which he is often called the 



father. His sturdy c 

 kindly <lisposition em 

 contact with him. 



aractcr, sym[ 

 earril him to 



atnri- and 



P. T. ( l.iLI.C'W.' 



SAUEOMATUM („,i„ra, lizard; referring to the 

 spotted tl.iwer). Ar.'irni. I 'creim ial heiiis, with uni- 

 sc-xnal mik.-d lis. Tnln-rs l»-aring a single pedate leaf 

 one yoai-, the n.'xt year Ivs. .-ind Hs!: iM-tioles cylindrical, 

 spotted beloH-: blade jicdal riy jiarled : peduirrl,. short: 

 spathe socjn wilhering. its t ulie oblong. s« olh.n al the 

 iMse. more or less connate, its hhido^o- banm.o- long- 

 lance, ihile, blacdi-pur]ile, variouslv spotti-d. Species lb 

 India, .biva :iiid Trop. Afrh-a. DO, .d..ii. I'lian.r. v(d. 1. 



Tlie followilig are h:irdy bulbous plants, Willi large 

 and curious howi-rs. 'I'lie'lls. an: proiliiceil from .lari. 

 until June, and the linllis have kept well in a drv stato 

 for a ye:ir. There is little ihinger of the Imlljs siirivel- 

 ing or rotting. Plant them i; in. ib'i-p in ]iots or in the 

 gardeii. Easily managed by the amateur. 



guttatum, Schott. Petioles 3 ft. long, not spotted; 

 leaf - segments li-8 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, the hiteral 

 smaller: spathe-tube green on the hack, 4 in. long, the 

 upper third narrowed: blade 12 in. long, 2 in. wide be- 

 low, gradually narrowing abo\-o, olive - green on the 

 back, yellowish green within, with dense, iri-egnlar 

 hlack-jinrplesiiots. IIimahiv:is. B.K. 12:11117 (as A nun 

 vr„os„,„). 



venosum, Schott. (.V. SiwhUi.if, Schott.). Petioles 

 spotted, 3>2 ft. long; leaf-segmenls ,8-10 in. long, 4 in. 

 wide, the lateral smaller : siiathe-tiibe 3-4 in. long. 

 purple rm the back; blade 14-111 in. long, 3 in. wi,b' be- 

 low. ab,,nt 1 in. wiile from tlie middle to the a|,ex, jiur- 

 ]ile on the lja,:k. yellow within and with crowded olJ,,ng 

 imrple or black spots. Hinnihiyas. B.Jl. 44(1.' ;ind F.S. 

 13:1334 ( lioth erroneously as .8'. ijullohDn |. 



•1-iEEIi G. S-MITH. 



SAUEtTRUS (Greek, IrninVs f^iil.- referring to the 

 luirve of the s|,ike of tis.). Pipenir,,,. Tlie Piz.\i;l,'s 

 Tail is a hardy perennial herb suil;ible for the bog gar- 

 den. It has been rdjered by sei-,u-;il deali-rs in lialiA"e 

 jihints. It grows in sw:iiiips, has heart-shaped leaves, 

 and lM-:irs, from .lune to Aug., small white fragrant 

 dowers in a dense tiu-minal spike, tlie upper part of 

 which arches or nods gracefully. Ilerljs with jointed 

 stems, alternate, entire Ivs. and iicrfcct lis, in siukes, 



I iitiieh di stitiiti 1 



II 1 1 in 1 1 in 1 

 w ith -1 ^ 111 t 

 m n m t]\ ( i ~ 

 ll s, III \\h t 11 llA 

 wnnki 1 1] I 

 1 in 1 Ills! nt unit 1 



It b is( 

 cernuua Lmn I iz 



\ I I s T MI I 1 



_ " Fl i^ht - It 

 h s ] ti Ic 1 111 ^1 11 

 ^ o ) „ 1 II ( nil t 

 (hit ^liiiii 'M and 

 s u t h V i 1 d EI 

 1 i^'- ^\ M 



SAVIN, J II Dip, •- 

 rii>: Siiliina and J. 

 \'i,-iji,iiin,ii. 



SAVOEY. Sum- 

 mer Sa\iirv is iS'c,'- 

 lirrifl Ii,,li,u::ix.\j\im. 



Jjili'iitiii . (_'ulti\-;ited in kitchen gardens for its aromatic 

 green icirts, wdiich are gathered in midsummer for tlav- 

 oring meat, dressings and other culinary preparations. 

 J'lie slender, errect, liranching. herliaceous stems, 10-12 

 in. tall, bear soft, narrow, green leaves and clusters of 

 pink, pnr]ilisli or white flowers in summer, wdiich tire fol- 

 lowed by lirowu ovoid seeds wdtose vitality lasts three 

 yt-ars. Propagation is by means of seed, which is sown in 

 drills 12-18 in apart in April or May in light, mellow^, well- 

 drained loam of moderate ricdmess. When2-3 in. tall the 

 lihmts are thinned to .5 orGin. asunder, or for earh- crop 

 they may be transplanted from hotbeds sown in jMarch. 

 Winter Savory (.8', ^jicjiA^iirf, Linn. ) is a hardy Euro- 

 pean perennial species, having much the qualities of 



2256. Sassafras officinale ( \ 



