1618 



SAA^ORY 



the annual. It may be managed like thyme- It has 

 woody, slender, very branching stems 1:2-16 in. tall, 

 narrow, very acute leaves, white, pink or lilac flowers 

 and brown seeds, whose average vitality is three years. 



M. G. Kains. 

 SAVOY is a kind of cabbage. 



SAW PALMETTO 



) ) uliita 



2257. Saururus cernuus \ 



z). (^M;e page 1617.) 



SAXiFKAGA (Latin, roch and to break: said by 

 some to refer to the fact that many of the species grow 

 in the clefts of rock, by others to the supposition that 

 certain species would cure .stone in the bladder). Saxi- 

 frag(icece. Saxifrage. Rockfoil. As outlined below 

 (including Megasea), the genus contains upwards of 

 175 species, widely distributed in the north temperate 

 zone, man}'' of them alpine and boreal. In the southern 

 hemisphere they seem to be known only in South Amer- 

 ica. The Saxifrages are herb.s, mostly perennial, with 

 perfect small white, yellow or purplish flowers in pani- 

 cles or corymbs; calyx with 5 lobes; petals 5, usually 

 equal; stamens mostly 10, in some species only 5; 

 styles 2; fr. a 2-beaked or 2-divided capsule, or some- 

 tinifs the capsules nearly or quite separate at maturity, 

 with numerous seeds. See Engler, " jMonugraphie der 

 Gattung Saxifraga," 1872. 



Saxifrages are various in habit and stature, but they 

 are mostly low aud spreading with rosulate or tufted 

 root-leaves. Most of the species in cultivation are grown 

 as rock-garden plants, although the large-leaved mem- 

 bers of the Megasea or Bergenia section are sometimes 

 used as border plants. Owing to the small attention 

 given to rock and alpine gardening in America, the Sax- 

 ifrage.? are little known to our horticulturists. Most of 

 them are abundantly hardy as to frost, but are likely to 

 suffer from the dryness arid heat of the American sum- 

 mer. Partial shade in summer is essential for the best 

 results with most of the species. In winter the stools 

 should be given ample covering of leaves. The most 

 useful kinds for this country are the species of the 

 Megasea section. These are low plants of bold habit, 

 and are admiral)!y adapted for rockwork and for spring 

 forcing under glass. Fig. lOi?, Vol. II, shows a clump 

 of these plants in the lower left-hand corner. 



The alpine species are mostly dwarf plants with more 

 or less persistent foliage. Some of them, as S. oppoxit- 

 ifolia, make dense moss-like mats; others, of wliicb .S'. 

 Aizoon may be taken as a cultural type, produrp a 

 dense rosette of leaves at the surface of the grnuml 



SAXIFRAGA 



from which arises a flower-scape. Some of these forms 

 are very interesting because of the vari-colored or sil- 

 very effect produced by natural incrustations of lime on 

 the'leaves, particularly on the leaf -edges. Give shade. 



Most Saxifrages make stolons and offshoots freely, 

 and by these the plants are easily propagated; they are 

 also increased by division. Some make bulblets. 



The number of species of Saxifrage worthy of culti- 

 vation in rockeries and in borders is large, but the fol- 

 lowing account comprises those known to be in the trade 

 in North America. Very few of the species have been 

 modihed to any extent under domestication. There are 

 a number of important hybrids, two of which are in the 

 American trade: S. Andrewsli, hybrid of S. Geum and 

 S. Aliioon, is somewhat like the latter parent; fls. pale 

 white with purple dots; Ivs. spatulate to ligulate, very 

 obtuse, crenulate-dentate; stem erect, few-leaved, glan- 

 dular-hairy, 6-8 in. tall. N. hyhrida sphndens is per- 

 haps a ] ' 



aphylla, 30. 

 azoides, 26. 

 Aizoon, 12. 

 brouchialis, 27. 

 bryoijhora, 20. 

 cfespitosa, 29. 

 Camposii, 28. 

 eherlerioides, 27. 

 Ghinensis, 33. 

 chp'^santha, 16. 

 ciliata, 1. 

 cordifolia, 5. 

 Cotyledon, 11. 

 crassitolia, 4. 

 cuneifoliu , 4. 

 FortTinei, 33. 

 Geum. 32. 

 granulata. 13. 

 hirsuta, 32. 

 Hostii. 10. 



id of S.Geioii by ^S'. rotundi folia 



INDEX 



Huetiaiiu, 7. 



integrifolia, 25. 

 Japonica, 33. 

 Lantoscaua, 9. 

 leptophi/lla, 30. 

 1 eucanthemifolia, 



21. 

 litculata, 1. 

 lingulat.-i., 9. 

 Mertensiana. 19. 

 Michauxii, 21. 

 jNlilesii, 3. 

 nivalis, 23. 

 oppositit'olia, 8. 

 peltata, 15. 

 Peiin-sylvanica, 22. 

 punctata, 18. 

 purpurea, 5. 

 Xjurpiirascens, 6. 

 pyramidalis, 11. 



Pyrenaica, 8. 

 recta, 12. 

 rivularis, 14. 

 rosularis, 12. 

 rutundifolia, 17. 

 rubra, 1. 

 sarmeutosa, 33. 

 Sch)aidiii, 1. 

 iSihlrica, 4. 

 speciosa, 1. 

 Straeheyi, 2. 

 superha, 8, 33. 

 Taygetea, 17. 

 tricolor, 33. 

 unoulcilata, 2. 

 uiahrosa, 31. 

 variegata, 31. 

 Virginiensis, 24. 

 Wallaceana, 28. 



A. Li'.s. with many small punctate 

 glands or dots on the surface, 

 ■usually large and thi^k and 

 the 'petiole sJieathedaf the base: 

 pla)it acanlescent, wiiJi a thick 

 rootstock. Bergenia or Me- 

 gasea. 

 B. Margin of leaf conspicuously 

 ciliate or apiculate-toothed. 

 c. Base of leaf distinctly cor- 

 date, altltongh narrow 1. Ugnlata 



OC Base of leaf usually nar- 

 rowed to the jyetiole 2 



, Margin of leaf not ciliate but 

 more or less undulate or cre- 

 nate: Ivs. not puhesceiit. 



c. Scape and inflorescence gla- 

 brous 



3, 



Straeheyi 

 Milesii 



, crassifolia 

 . cordiiolia 



c<_'. Scape a)ul inflorescoice pn- 



hescoit 6. purpurascens 



AA. Lvs. without punctate dots or 

 glands (sometimes pilled) on 

 the face, usually not large nor 

 u-ith sheaths at base: root- 

 stocks ( if a ny ) s I e n d e r or 

 short. Saxifrage proper. 

 B. xSeeds s p h e r i c a I ( Cymha- 



laria) 7. Huetiana 



BB. Seeds fusiform or oblong-obo- 

 vate. 

 c. Ape.r and margin of leaves 

 hearing a few distinct pores 

 or iitipn'ssed dots. 

 D. Arrangeme)it of lvs. oppo- 

 site 8. oppositifolia 



DD. Arrangentcnt of lvs. alter- 

 nate {best seen on flou-er- 

 ing .sli'iiis ), 

 E. L>'af - }iiargiHS reflexed, 

 vrrnulalt-- or nearly en- 

 tin . more or less cr^ls■ 



tale with lime 9. Un^lata 



10. Hostii 



