1656 



SEilPERVIVUM 



ren rosettes 1-1'., in. across, the new ones on stalks 1-2 

 in. long; Ivs pale green and pubescent all over, only 

 the very tip red-brown : Us. IJ'i-l'S in. across, yellow. 

 Eastern Eu., Asia Minor. B.M. .507 and 211.5 (as S. glo- 

 biferum).-'nit sliowiest of all the hardy species. 



11. HetiHelii, Sehott. Height 6-8 in. : barren rosettes 

 lK-2 in. across, not peduncled: h'S. :tO-4U in a rosette, 

 obovate - cuneate, the upper third or even half tinted 

 bright red-brown : panicle dense, niuny-fld., 2S-:! m. 

 across: lis. an Inch or less across, pale straw-yellow: 

 petals with 3 small cusps, not fimbriate. Aug. Mts. of 

 Transylvania and Greece, 5,000-0,000 ft.^Oue of the 

 latest in flower. 



12. gloWJerum, Linn. (S. soholifrnuii . Sims). Hek- 

 AND-CHICKENS. HciTsELEEK. Height O-ti in.: barren 

 rosettes globose, 1-1'., in. thick, the numerous young 

 ones attached to the parent only by a slender thread 

 and easily becoming detached from it and rolling about: 

 Ivs. BO-80 in a rosette, obovate-cuneate, the outer oiies 

 tipped red -brown, especially on the back: lis. 1 in. 

 across, pale vellow; petals obscurely tricnspidate, con- 

 spicuously fimbriated at the edge and on the prominent 

 keel. Mts. of Austria. B.M. 1-157. -Unless the young 

 rosettes are thinned out the plants :irr not so likely to 

 flower. Under the name of aS. iitohifermii , Lmnasus 

 seems to have confused all the yellow-Hil. hardy species 

 which he knew. 



13. arenarlum, Koch. Very close to ^'. rjlobiferum, 

 having the same height, the same globular deciduou,s 

 rosette, etc.. but with narrower Ivs. and the petals 

 larger and more strongly fimbriated: Ivs. oblaneeolate: 

 rts. 1-1 J4 in. across; petals pale yellow, distinctly tri- 

 cnspidate, with a linear end tooth, strongly fimbriated 

 at the edge aud less so on the prominent keel. Tyrol. 

 Gn. 49, p. 220. 



E. -ntp'''Stris is advertised by one American dealer, l>nt it 



seems to be unknown to botanists 



W. M. 



SENEBlfiEA (after .Joh. Seneluer, a naturalist of 

 Geneva). Criicifcn'-. About species of procumbent 

 annual or biennial herbs from the temperate regions of 

 Europe and Asia, and Australia, with alternate, entire 

 or pinnately cut Ivs. and small white or rarely purple 

 fls., in short, axillary racemes: sepals short, spread- 

 ing, equal at the base; stamens free; siliques in pairs, 

 small, laterally compressed; valves 1-seeded, indehis- 

 cent. 



pinnatiSida, DC. A common weed in many parts of 

 the world and sonu-firaes used as a pot herb in fnrtdy'n 

 countries: plant '.,-1 ft. high: Ivs. pinnately lobed: 

 fls. white, small, numerous p. -ftr. Barclay. 



SENECA SNAKEEOOT. r,<hi,i„hi Svufga. 



SENfiCIO (Latin name for plants of this genus, ulti- 

 mately from iittiej', "old man"; said to be in allusion 

 to the hoary pappus). CoiUj'O^ifc. (.-Ikou^dsel. Tbo 

 largest genus of plants, comprising some 1,200 species 

 in all parts of the world. A genus comprising so many 

 members and Ijeing so widel;^ distribuled is necessarily 

 variable and therefore practii-ally inii)Ossible of defini- 

 tion. A distinguishing mark of the Seuecios lies in tie. 

 character of the involucre, — scales in one series, and 

 usnallj' reinforced at the base by a row of shorter scab-s 

 that give the lietid the apjpearance of having a small 

 calyx. The heads are usually radiate, the ray-llorots 

 being pistillate and fertile; but soniotiines the ra)"s arc 

 absent and then the head is hrnnoganious (fiorets all >d' 

 one kind, i. e., perfect). The disk-florets are fububir 

 and 5-toothed. The torus or receptacle is usually naked. 

 The akenes are mostly terete and ribbetl; pa]i[ins of 



soft whitish, often coidous liristles. A idling t<.> (iray, 



"minute short hairs or iiapilb-e on Ibc iiki^nes C)E most 

 species swell and emit a pair of spiral threads wlnn 

 wetted. Before wetting, the akmes may be really or 

 apparently glaltrons, and after wetting ]")econie canos- 

 eent." JMost of flir Senerios are y.dlow-r.'iyrd. (H (be 

 vast number of speci(,s, very few liaxo griinod ]n-onn- 

 nence as cultivati.'ii sulijects. If we omit tlie grei'idioiisi- 

 Cineraria (w'bicb is technically a Senecir. as urnlorsfood 

 bv Bentham A: Ilookerl, the most popular species ;ire 



SENECIO 



the Farfnfjiuni (irnndc (properly Sennoio Ktevipferi) of 

 florists, S. mikanioides or German ivy, ^'. c/ct/t/irv or 

 purple ragwort, and S. Clin'rai-ia, one of the plants 

 commonly known as dusty miller. Various other plants 

 are known as dusty miller, and one of them (PMg. 2312) 

 is sometimes confounded with Senecio Cineraria . 



All other species are of very minor importance to the 

 horticulturist. Of the 60 or more species native to the 



2313. Artemisia Stellcriana, one of the Dusty Millers some- 

 times confused with Senecio Cineraria. See Fig. 2:jlj. 



United States and Canada, about a half dozen have been 

 offered by dealers in native plants, but they are practi- 

 cally unknown horticulturally. Jlost of the species aie 

 who'lly herbaceous, but in South Africa and South 

 America many species are shruliljy. Some species are 

 evenarboresc(?nt; others are climbers. In South Africa 

 and the Canaries is a set that has been separated as 

 Kleinia, distinguished mostly by its habit, being for 

 the most part fleshy shrubs or herbs, with terete or an- 

 gular stems and whitish or pale yellow rayless flowers. 

 Species of this group are sometimes seen in collections 

 of succulents, Imt they are liltle known outside^ of 

 botanic gardens. ,S'. rniria ris, Linn,, from Europe, is a 

 common ainuuil weed in various parts of this country. 

 To Senecio Ijelong the genera known to gardeners as 

 Erythrochtete, Parfuginm, Jacobica, Kleinia, Li.gnlaria. 

 Cineraria is also a Senecio, but the florist's Cineraria 

 is described under that name in Vol, I of this work. 

 Bentham & Plooker refer to Senecio the genus Cacalia, 

 which is kevit distinct bv American botanists. Jdidf- 

 mann (in Engler & Prantl's Natiirlichen Pflanzenfa- 

 niilien) refers the garden genus Emilia to Senecio. but 

 keeps Ligulai-ia, (including Parfuginm) aud Cineraria 

 distinct. For .s'. <-o)ir]iif<ili»s . see Emiiia. 



Since Seuecios alford both greenhouse and hardy 

 border plants, it is impossible to give general cultural 

 directions. The species are not difficult to manage, 

 however, and most of them pro]iagate readilv by means 



of grei iiw 1 loittings ami seeds; the hardy species 



may I'e divided. 



