SPRAYING 



val\f>, wmU ami iiisti.u: i:;i i-;i^ll\- u|M'r;itH(i : found in 

 a pump w Irh Iimil;; iunnUr, larLii^ air - rUauibt-r ami 

 smoothly tinishud workiui;- paT-is; ( li roinpaclurss : si-- 

 oured by phu.-inic the cylmdrr -m ihar it i- in(dn»i.d I'V 

 the tank, preveutiug; tny-hv^avinc-s and lacililatiuir tlir 

 moveuR'Ut ot the puuip in tin' oi-idiard. A liarrel nr 

 tank pump should he sir^uiir rnou^-h to feed two h-ads 

 of ho--e and throw a g'Oi.Ml spra_\- Irom four uozzh-s. 

 Nearly all spray luixture.s re<[iiii'e oreasioual stjrrini;-s 

 to prevent settling aud insure uniformity. Au agitator 

 is a necessary part of the pump's t-ipiipnit-ut. 



Spcria/ n,ri<-,'s.~Oue of th.-so is fur tin' nud<inic and 

 apply in l;' meelumioally euiuhsjti-'d dr tiniti- in-o|>orrious 

 of water and kerosene. The liquids are plai-t.--(l in two 

 separate v..'ssels. each of \vhi<di is supplied wirh a 

 pump. The apparatus has a i^an^v attaehed wliiidi 

 enables the operator to set it for ,". m. 1.". or I'n jmt mit 

 of kerosene, as the ease may be, As the k'-ros,.|iP -.n^X 

 water are forced throaii;!! tlie pump and nozzdes rlic\- 

 are thoroughly iMuulsltit-d Tins ryi^e of )iump is not yrt 

 perfected, lait mark-- a distiner stop in advauro aud lills 

 an important jdaee in thi' trrafmcnt of scale aud other 

 sucking insects. For s[>ecia! devicrs, consult exiirri- 

 meut station bulletins. 



A'':r/'.v. — Tin- nozzles of twelve or tifteen years ai;i' 

 Were t;rudi- atfairs when ciMupari-il witli those now ni 

 use. They usually discharged the liquid in a solid -rj'ram, 

 or a coarse spray formed by passing tliroUL;h a sievr-lik<- 

 diaphragm. These are now obsolete. Sc\-i.>ral rv]M-s ol' 

 nozzles are on the market. They all aim at ecououiy 

 and efticieui.-\". A iMizzIe prodiicing a hue misty sprav 

 |mucht(.> iie desired) uses a minimum amrmut <.'f liifuid, 

 but the spray cannot be projected idfcctively more than 

 six w sevfu f.-er from the nozzle. A coarse spray can 

 be thrown much farther, but dn-uches rather than 

 spra\"s the tree and naturally use-; a lar^re (juantity of 

 liquid. For -nuiU trees and hush fruits the Vernu-rol 

 (Fig. 2;-!80), or hue spray type, is best, while for old 

 orchards and park w^irk. nozzles of the McGowau and 

 Bordeaux style (Fig. 2:-iSl i are most satisfactorv. It is 

 now a common practice to attach two (or even vnoni 

 nozzles ro one discharge i Figs. 2;!80, 2381). 



SPRAYIXG 1 <()0 



pcaidi or plum trees uale-s cousi.lerable hme is added For 

 iiis.Tts tliat chew, 



AKsENJTfcIS OF LlMK ANh SnUA. — These are rheap, the 

 .■oiiouar of ar:^e^lic is under p.^rtert control and it do.-s not 

 iMirn The folia^:e. For ciir^\in- inserts. 



Ars.nltr of liuir \>. \nu'h- 1 >y hoilJHu' 1 p^M^nd wiun- arsenic in 

 ■-' to 4 uaarts water \nilil il is J issniN ed, t h. n use ihis arsetnc 

 sohuiou to slake liiKiniuls ^ond hme, addiae \v:,ter ir nercssarv 

 lo slake it; when slaked, .-idd wan^r eiiou-li 1 o make " j^'allon's 

 of lids stock mixture, \\^,> prep:u'ed i>y l)oili nti Int^et iiec. t,,r 

 ;;n or H) miuulcs, 1 p.rucl whin- arsenir nnh :: pcanhis jia-ie 

 putty liy wei^dit ia -J tcaUoas i)t water; w hen (li-.si.)| ved it nnist 

 iie measured so that the arseni,. m.-iy he applied with ai-ciiracy. 

 Kee|. in a tight vessel and ns.- as desired. TliurouKlily stir he- 

 hu-e nsiuK- For most inser(s .me quart to 4(1 i^alhnis will he 

 snthcieiit. Arsenite of lime i-s itisn|nip|e in water and will not 

 injure the foliage of any orehard fruit at this strength. This 

 insectiidde is gi-owingiu popnlariry. Some green dye stuff m;iy 

 he laixeil with it to prevent i1h> ever-present dangeV of mistak- 

 ing it for some otlier materi;il, 



Ar.srnite of soda: The arsenic U ]h. Mnay also he hoileJ with 

 4 [ponmls of sal-soila, crystals iu 'J gaJhuis w;Uer niUil dissolved, 

 and Ihis sohition used in the siune manner Iwith hme). The 

 arsenife of lime is rdn-ai.er, and either can be used with P.or- 

 de.aux mixture the s;ime ;is Paris green. A'h.'n used with 

 water, however, it will \h- -;irer to ]au in -ome fr<'siihv shiked 

 hue:'. More exitensi\-.> iii;iu ajsmiip- of lime, l.nit tlmuglit hy 

 sonie urchardists to !„■ more ..f-fertive. 



I 'TUER ARSENrTKS.— r-'/-v/; n r.-<r lini f] and Pa rinj Viir -.wr more 



hnlky and finer t)i;Mi I'.-i la^ gnen, and when oT good quality 

 They are just as etfeeTmal niid requiiv less agiT.arion. .1 rs.'imtc 

 ni I. -,1,1 ean he applied in kirgc quauTtties -^vilhouf ifiinry To 

 T)ie foli;ige. hence it is very useful against hi-ei les and sjnn'ar 

 insects that are hard to poison: it aNo adheres to The foliage 

 a long time. 



Normal or l.G Per (.'ent BoiUiEAux Mixture. 



Copper sulfate fbluo vitriol ) i; iionnds 



Quicklime (g'lod stone lime i -i pomids 



Water .^n gallons 



For peaches and -T.ipauesi.' i.lum-, au extra aumunt of lime 

 should he added, aud more \v;Uer ■ (ii) or 7n gallons) should he 

 used. 



Six poiinds of siilfate nf copprr di-s<-ilved in .''H gallons nf 

 water, when applietl at the pro]ier time, will pre\"ent the growth 

 of fungi. However, if applieil in this form, the solution mil 

 burn the foliage. Fourpounds nf rpiickhuie in t.l pounds id' (■«]>- 

 per will neutralize the caustic action. When sulfate nf eopyier 



2374. A Earden barrel pump. 



2375. An orchard barrel pump. 



2376. Vineyard power sprayer. 



FORMFLAS. 



(The couimnner mixtures excluding resin washes.) 



Paris Orekx. 



Paris green 1 j^ouud 



Water 1UU-30U gallons 



If this ndxture is to he used upon fruit trees, 1 pound of 

 Quicklime should he added. Repeated applications will injure 

 foliage of most trees unless the lime is used. Paris green and 

 Bnrde,%ux mixture can he applied together with perfect safety. 

 L'se at the rate of 4 to 8 ounce's nf the arsenite to .50 gallons nf 

 the mixture. The action of neither is weakened, and the Paris 

 green lo.ses its caustic properties. For insects tliat che\r. 



LoNDOX Purple.— This is used in the same proportion as 

 Paris green, hut as it is more caustic it should lie applied with 

 two or three times its weight of lime, or ^vith the Bordeaux 

 mixture. The composition of Londrni purytle is variable, and 

 unless good reasons exist for supposing that it contains as 

 much arsenie as Paris green, use the hitter poison. Unsafe on 



ami liuie are added in this 

 deaux mixture. Potatoes i| 

 deaux mixture is eifeetive 

 diseases. 



Weighingof copper and hi 

 nient. Bordeairx mixture is 

 after being mixed. Theief- 

 imiiracticahle. It is, ho\\f\ 

 rations of sirlfate of copper 

 required. 



The lime should h,.''slaki 

 water to prevent burning, 1 

 t;iut. When slaked nuist ,■! 

 ciiide tlie air. In this ntai 

 unimpaired. 



One gallon of water w] 

 :■ pounds of copper sulfate 

 should he suspended at tl 

 \vater niost Ioa<led with <•* 

 water least loaded will ri- 

 fate are suspended in 'J.o 



proportion, the compound is Bor- 

 uuand full strength. Diluted Bor- 

 against certain mildews and fruit 



neat tiuieof mixingis very inconve- 

 hest when used within a few hcmrs 

 ue a stork mixture of Bortleaux is 

 ■rv, i.ract ieahle to have stork prepa- 

 and of lime ready for mixing when 



I'd" in a barrel orl>r>xwitli sutficient 

 lut not enough t'l smother. Impor- 

 hva.ys he ro\-ered with waTei- to ex- 

 nner lime i-au lie kept all summer 



ill hold in solution, all summer. 

 ■. To accomplish this the sulfide 

 suT-face nf the water iu a hag. The 

 ■per will sink to the bottom, and the 

 to the surface. If .^i) pounds of sul- 

 lUons of water on an evening, each 



