1710 



SPRAYING 



SPRAYING 



gallon of -water will, when stirred the next moming, hold two 

 pounds of sulfate. 



Three gallons of this solution put in tlie spray barrel equal 

 six pouudy of copper. Now fill the spray harrel half full 

 of water before adding any lime. This is important, for if 

 the lime is added to so strong a solution of sulfate of Cf)]iper, 

 a eiirdling process will follnw. Stir tlit- w;iter in the linir 



Copper Sulfate Solution. 



Topper sulfate 1 pound 



Water 15-25 gallous 



r)issnlve the copper sulfate in the water, when it is ready for 

 use. Tl^is .sliould never be applied to foliage but must be used 

 lieforc rlie buds break. For peaches and nectarines, use 25 gal- 



2377. Square tower giving more w rkii g space ior the 

 nozzle-men than the conical form. 



barrel so as to make a dilute milk of lime, but never allow 

 it to be deuse enough to be of a creamy tliickness. If in 

 the latter condition, lumps of lime will clog the spray noz- 

 zle. Continue to add to the mixture this milk of lime so long 

 as drops of ferroeyanide of potassium (yellow prussiate of 

 potash) continue to clnmgefrom yellow to a brown color. When 

 no change of color is shown, add another pail of milk of lime 

 to make tlie necessary, amount of lime a sure thing. A small 

 excess of lime does no harm. The barrel can now be tilled 

 with water, and the Bordeaux mixture is ready for use. 



The preparation of ferroeyanide of potassium for this test 

 may lie explained. As bouglit at the di-ug store, it is a yellow 

 crj'Stal and is easily soluble in water. Ten cents' worth will 

 do for a season's spraying of an average orchard. It should 

 be a full saturation; that is, use only enough water to dissolve 

 all the crystals. TVie cork should be notched or a quill inserted 

 so that the contents will come out in drops. A drop will give 

 as relialile a test as a sjioonful. The bottle should be marked 

 "Poison." Dip out a little of the Bordeaux mixture in a ciipor 

 saucer, and drop the fcrri>i-y;inide on it. So long as the drops 

 turn yellow or brown on striking the mixture, the mixture b;is 

 not received enougli lime. 



AMMONIACAL COPPEH <.'A1!I'.0NATE. 



Copper carbonate .'. ounr'Hs 



Aninuinia 120"^ Beaumr) :j jtinls 



Water 45 gallons 



Make a paste of the copper carbonate with a little water. 

 Dilute the ammonia with 7 or 8 volumes of water. Add the 

 paste to the diluted ammonia and stir until dissolved. Add 

 enough water to make 4.^ gallons. Allow it to settle and use 

 only the 'dear blue liquid. This mixture loses strength on 

 standing. For fungous diseases. 



2379. Power sprayer, using steam. 



2378. Orchard pump with conical tower rig. 



Ions of w;iter. For fungous diseases, lait now largely sup- 

 planti'il by the Bordfimx mixture. A much weaker solution 

 lias bi'eu recommended for trees in leaf. 



Iron Sulfate and Sulfuric Aitp Solution. 



Water (hot) WO parts 



Iron sulfate, as mucli iis the water will dissobe. 



Sulfuric acid (commercial) 1 pai-t 



The sobition should be prepared before using. Add the acid 

 to tlie crystals, and then pour on the water. Sometiuies recoiu- 

 mpnded for gr;ip'^ antliracnose, thedorni;int vines being treated 

 by niea,ns of sponges or lirushes, but it sliould he applied with 

 cautiiui. 



Potassium Sulfide Solution. 



Potassium sulfide (liver of sulfurl "! --1 ounce 



Water 1 gallon. 



This preparation Insps its strength uiion standing, and should 

 therefore be made inuii'-diately before using. Particulnrly 

 \-alnable for surface mildews. 



Hellebore. 



Fresh white hellebore 1 ounce 



Water 'i gallons 



Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so ener- 

 getic as the arsenites, and may be used a short time before the 

 sprayed parts mature. For insects that chew. 



Kerosene Emulsion. 



Hnrd soap Vi pound 



Boiling soft w.ater 1 galhm 



Kerosene 2 gallons 



Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, and churn 

 with a pump for 5 to 10 minutes. Dilute 4 to 25 times before 

 applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For such 

 insects as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider, thrips, weaker 

 preparations will prove effective. Cabi)age worms, currant 

 worms and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be suc- 

 cessfully treated. It is advisable to make the emulsion shortly 

 before it is used. 



Kerosene and water (suggested for San Jose scale) may be 

 used ill all cases where kerosene emulsion is mentioned. Di- 

 lute to the strength recommended in each particular case. Il 

 must be applied with a pump having a kerosene attachment. 



Tobacco Water.— This infusion maybe prepared by placing 

 tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and then covering them 

 with hot water. Allow to stand several hours, dilute the liquor 

 from 3 to 5 times, and apply. For soft-bodied insects. 



A special mixture is recommended by Corbett, in Bull. 70, Exp. 

 Sta., W. Va., who reports a trial of Bordeaux mixture, arsenic 

 and kerosene in combination as having proved "gratifying far 

 beyond our most sungniue expectations." "This combination 

 was rendered possible by using the kerosene in the oil tank 

 of a kerowater pump and ph-ndng the Bordeaux and arsenic in 

 the barrel in the ordinary manner." For apple aphis, eatmg 

 insects and fungous diseases. 



