SPRAYING 



Lih^rafure.--To say that tlie literature of sprayinu' 

 is YolumiuoLis \vuukl but faintly describe thi:; yitualiun. 

 Hardly an experiment station in the United States has 

 failed to publish two or three times on this subjeet. 

 Many of them issue annual "spray calenders." The 

 Divisions of Vegetable Patholoicy and Entomok>^y. 

 Department of Aixriculture, Washington. D. C. ha\e 

 added a great number of bulletins to the ,L,^eneral col- 

 lection. One of the first American books. "Fuukous 

 Diseases." 1880. was written by F. Lanison Scribncr, 

 then of the Division of Vfg. Pathology, Washin.Lrtmi. 

 Soon after appeared "Insects and Insecticides," and 

 '■ b'ungi and Funi:;icides," both by Clarence M. Weed. 

 The most notable book which has appeared and the 

 oulv complete monograph of spraying in existence was 

 published in 18l;)(», the author being E. (t. Lodeman, then 

 instructor in horriculture at Cornell University. Of the 

 experiment stations aside from Washington, pirominent 

 iu reporting held W(_>rk, New York (Uem-va ami Cornell), 

 Michigan. Delaware. California, jMassachusetts and Ver- 

 mont should be named, although many others have done 

 well. Spraying, though not an American invention, is 

 now distinctly an American practice by adoption and 

 adaptation. John Craig. 



SPEEKELIA I J. H. von Sprekelsen. of Hamburg, who 

 sent the plants to Linna?usl. Amu ri/IIiddeed . JacO- 

 B.EAN Lily. A single species from Mexico, a half-hardy 

 bulbous plant with linear, strap-shaped leaves and a 

 hollow cylindrical scape bearing one large showy tlower. 

 Perianth strongly declined, tube none; segments nearly 

 equal, the posterior ascending, the inferior concave and 

 enclosing the stamens and ovary : bracts only one, 

 spathe-like: stamens attached at the base of the peri- 

 anth-segments, and somewhat shorter than the segment 

 by which they are enclosed, having a few small scales 

 at the base of the filaments: ovary iMocnled: style long, 

 slender: seeds cmpressed ovate or orbicular, black. 



formosissima, Herb. {AmaryUis formos/ssima . Linn. 1. 

 Fls. red. B.M. 47.— Var. glauca has somewhat paler and 

 smaller fls. and glaucous Ivs. B.K. 27:16. For culture, 

 see AmaryUh. p. -V^^ Barclay, 



SPEING BEATTTY. Chn/lonla. 



SPROUTING LEAP. Catalogue name for Briio- 

 phyllKtn . 



SPRUCE. See Picea. Norway S. is P. exrtlsa. Sitka 

 S. is P. Sitc7n:i).sis. Tideland S. is P. SifrJti)isi<i. 



S*,>UASH 1711 



SPURGE. Consult ISn/Jinrf^iu . 



SPURGE, MOUNTAIN. Pa,]nisa H>lra ju-ocumben.^.. .' 



SPURGE NETTLE. Jai,n/>h.>. 



SPURRY {S/urgnl'i 'irrtosi.-^, which see) has' long 

 bt-t-n grown in (ierniany. France, Holland and Belgium, 

 where its value as n soil renovator and as a forage crop 



2380. A Y-fixture with Vermorel nozzles. 



A It-ather shield is shown, for protertiny the lianJs fn 

 the drip. 



108 



2381. A Y-fixture with BorQcaux brand of nozzle, 



was early recognized. It is an annual, and when sown 

 in the spring matures seed in from ten to twelve weeks 

 fr'.'m time i.>f sowing. This plant ]>ossesses special ^alue 

 as a rentjvator for sandy soils. It has lung been used Ijy 

 the farmers of Holland to bold in ]ilace the shifting 

 sands along the seashore. So well adaj^ted is it to sand 

 that it has been termed "the clover of sandy lands." It 

 is not recommended fur the American farmer except 

 where the soil is so poor that utlier plants fail. In such 

 circumstances it may be used as a cover-crop to plow 

 uniler. The seed may be sown any time from April to 

 AuiTUst. but in orchards it had better be sown in July. 

 Sow at the rate of six quarts per acre. The seed being 

 small, it should be lightly harrowed iu upon a well- 

 fitted soil. It is very persistent in the production of 

 seed, and upon fertile soils it will maintain itself for 

 several years unless thoroutrh cultivation is given. 

 Where soils are in fair condition and other cro])s will 

 grow, it is doubtful if Spurry has any place. Sunie- 

 times written Spurrey. 



A. Clinton. 



SQUASH (Plate XXXVIIl is a name adapted from an 

 American Indian word, and is applied in an indefinite 

 wav to various plants of the genus Cucurbita. The 

 application of the name does n^t c^nfurm to the specific 

 lines of the plants. What are called summer Squashes 

 are mostly varieties of Curt(rbif<i P^-po. The winter 

 Squashes are either C. maxintd or C. )iio.sr]iata, chiefly 

 the former. If the name Squash i.)elongs to one species 

 more than to another, this species is probably C. 

 /ii".ri}/iii . See Cxcurbito , particularly the note on p. 410. 

 The pictures show some of the forms of these species. 

 Plate XXXVII is the Hubbard Squash, Cucurhita 

 mnxinui. Fig. 2.S82 is the Winter or Canada Crookneck. 

 one of the forms of C. mosrhata. Figs. 2383-88 are 

 forms of the multifarious Ciirifrhita Pepo. Fig. 2;.i86 

 shows the Vegetable Marmw. much prized in England. 



Squashes and pumpkins are very easy plants to grow, 

 provide<l they are given a warm and quick soil. They 

 are lonLr--^e;i^nu plants, ami therefore in the North they 

 are very likely tr. be caught by frosts before the full 

 crop h-A^ matured, unless the plants are started early 

 and make a rapid and continn.ms ^Towth early iu the 

 season. In hanl. rou2:h clay lands the plants do not 

 get a foothold early enough to allow them to mature the 

 crop. On such lands it is impossible, also, to plant 

 tiie seeds earlv. As a consequence, nearly all Squashes 

 are grown on soils of a loose and relatively light 

 character. Sandy lands or sandy loams are preferred. 



