STOCK. TEN WEEKS 



m-.i iKi . v;ir. '.■ II I' 'III . 



STOCK, VIEGINIAN. M-ilcnna 

 STOKES' ASTEK. ^^l- sI"Icl.^I<(. 



Ser ,S7,m7,-.s' and Muflhiohi 



STOi;A(i£ 



1727 



■itlnni. 



STOKESIA (JoiKUliaii Stokes, :\[.I>., l7ri,VlS::] , Eii.i,'- 

 li^h botanist). Coi>ij>/'sil'i . Stokls" A-tkk is <au' <•( 

 till,' rarest, chuicrst and most disiiiu-t ot AiiuMicaii 

 liardy I'treimial lu-rli^. It is a ldiu--lld. plant ai^unt a 

 font hi>r)i which at lirst ^hiiice has poijds in L-'uniiM'ii 

 with iMiina astors, L-euiaurras and chicory. The hoads 

 are -i oi 4 in. across in cultiviiti^ut. The marginal row 

 of H'lwrrs is coniiM.w^-d vt about 15 ray-like corollas. 

 ^Yhich have a vt-ry short tube at the base anil an' iiiu''h 

 broadened at tlie api.x and cut into .3 lon^, narrow striiis. 



Stokes' Aster is liardy as far north as Korli.-ior, 

 K. Y,. and Boston, ^Mn'^s. I'robaldy many persons have 

 been deterred from tr} ini,^ ir because it is ualivc only to 

 South Carolina and l-eor^ia, and because it is wn- 

 sidt-red a greenhouse subject in some standard works 

 on gardening. The fact that it is found wild in wet pine 

 barrens is also deceptive, for the w^'ls, as Woolsou and 

 Keller testify, will decay if water stands ou the soil in 

 winter. Moreover, the plant has been praised by 

 Meehan for its drought-resisting qualities. Stokes' 

 Aster should be planted in a well-drained, sandy loaiu, 

 not in cold and heavy clay. It blooms from August 

 until hard frost. According to Chapman, the heads of 

 wild specimens are only an inch across, but the size of 

 heads in cultivated plants is stated by nuiny h'.irti- 

 cultural experts to be 3-4 in. across. J. I->. Keller writes 

 that Stokes' Aster is fre<iuently used for cut-Howers. 

 In the wild the heads are few in a cluster or solitar)" : in 

 cultivation a good branch sometimes bears as ]nan\' as 

 9 heads. No double form seems to ha\"e appeared. 



(jreneric characters: heads many-tld. : nnxrginal fls. 

 much larger, deeply .?-eut: inv(:>hicre subgk'bose; outer 

 bracts prolonged into a large, leafy, bristly-fringed ap- 

 pendage : akene ii— 4-angled. smooth: pappus vt 4-5 

 thread-like, deciduous scales. 



cyanea, L'T-Ierit. Stokes' Asteij. Fig. 2403. Much- 

 branched, hardy perennial herb, 1-2 ft. high: branches 

 often purplish ; Ivs. lanceolate ; radical ones entire, 

 tapering at the base into long, flattened stalks; cauline 

 Ivs. gradually becoming sessile, the uppermost with a 

 few teeth near the base and half-clasping: tis. blue or 

 purplish blue. 3—4 in. across. Au^.-Oct. Oa.. S. *_'. 

 B.3I. VM:-6. Mn. 5. p. 214. R.H. ]^(J3:211. -^-_ ^|_ 



STONECROP. See St-dnm. 



STORAGE. Various ideals are confused under the 

 denomination vt storage. There are two kinds of 

 storage; (1) Common or non-refrigerator storage, em- 

 ployed mostly for holding perishable commodities tem- 

 porarily; (2) cold storage, in which low and even 

 temperatures are maintained by some refrigerating [tro- 

 cess. The common storage, without refrigeration, may 

 be again divided into two species: [a ) the storage may 

 be only a temporary halt, or a half-way station, -ju the 

 way to the shipping point, and where prodticts are kept 

 for a day or are sttrted and packed; ( <'' l it 

 may be a storing of products that are wait- 

 ing for improved market conditions, and in 

 ^hich an effort is made to maintain a rela- 

 tively low and uniform temperature. In 

 this latter kind of storage, the low temper- 

 ature is usually secured (1) by means of a 

 cellar or basement building; or (2) by 

 means of controlling air-currents and venti- 

 lation. This second type of storage, under 

 favorable conditions, reaches approximately 

 thesameef&ciency as temporary cold storage. 



A few specific examples will illustrate 

 some of the ideals an<l the means of at- 

 taining them. Fig. 2404 shows a cellar storebou-^e. 

 such as is used by nurserymen. Sometimes these build- 

 ings are employed for the storing of apples and other 

 products. Usually the floor is two or three feet below 

 the level of the trround. 



The house shown in Vitx. 24(i5 is built .^n a side hill, 



lid the liaseUielil ,,V rcilal' Is Us.al lor the stolage of 

 ra|>es. the lirst llo<q- is used io|- p;iekiri-, and" (he 

 ■eMud Jloio- or attie lor the sl(U-a-o m|' I i;i sk,-l s, e ral es, 

 id the like. 'Jdiis luillditi-' measures 2-""ixO<i I'eet over 



-v^v.^Jw- 



£S^k «m 



241)3. Stokesia cyanea 



all. The foundation walls are 24 inches thick, and the 

 cellar is provided with anipli' ventilati'.ni by several 

 outside windows, and also by meaiis of a chimney 

 that runs from near the middle of the cellar up 

 through the roof. The floor is of earth. By means of 

 careful attenti(.)n to ventilation, this cellar can be kept 

 at 50"^ or lielow during September and October, and is 

 frost-proof through the winter. The windows are pro- 

 vided with close-fltting screens to keep out rats and 

 scpiirrels. This cellar will easily hold tifty tons of 

 grapes in the pi<d^imr trays. The first floor is divided 

 into two rooms, the front one being a packing-room 25 

 feet square, and the back room a storage and shipping 

 department 25x35 feet. This front packing-room is 

 provided with lieat and is licrbted by seven large 

 windows. The liLior above tlie cellar is double ami 

 nmde of p4-inch jnatcbed yune. ^\■ith an abtindant air 

 space between the two layers. This, therefore, pro- 

 tects the Cellar from sudden fluctuations of tempera- 

 ture. The l.iuildiug is also shaded, especially from the 

 afternoon sun, by large trees. This building can be 

 erected in Kew York for about $1,200. It has IS-foot 



\ 



2404. A half-cellar storage. 



}M.st^. a tin rriof. the tw" rorims in tlie tir^t lionr rfil<Ml 

 with pine, Imt tlie top floor not eeiled. 



Au apple storehouse in Grand Isle, Vt,, is shown in 

 Fit:s. 2-tOri and 2407, and is described by Waugh (Bull. 

 55," Vt. Exp. Sta.): 



109 



