1730 



STORAGE 



STORAGE 



April 20, shnweil losses as follows: Open shelves, 5. 304 

 grams; in sealed oaiis. .r.oj grams; or a difference of 

 4.702 grams in favor of the sealed cans. This at 

 least suggests the pos.sibility of checking loss in weight 

 by the use of non-porous storage receptacles. Barrels 

 do not have any marked effect in checking this loss, 

 as fruits stored in headed and open barrels differed 

 only one-half pound in amount of loss during a period 

 of 147 days, the total loss being i'^i pounds on a barrel 

 of Vi9\ pounds weight when placed in .storage. 



The efficiency of a cold storage house depends more 

 upon the construction of the walls than any other single 

 feature. Perfect insulation is tlie ideal mark at which 

 to aim. The more perfect the house in thhs respect, the 

 less wear upon the machinery when refrigerating appa- 

 ratus is used, and the greater the economy in ice when 

 ice is used. To accomplish this, non-conductors of heat 



Year. 



December 1. 1898 



llecember 1, ISSiU 



December 1, VMU 



ommou storage. Cold storage 



Barrels. Barrels. 



.. 4lllJ,llllO 8011,000 



.. 0:i(,.'.no 1,.518,7.")0 



.. ,'j:;.ooo 1,225,000 



The following talde, which gives the range of prices 

 jiaid for apples from the end of the picking season to 

 tile end of the storage season for the years ]«f|i; to I'JllO, 

 inclusive, is compiled from the weekly market reports 

 on the Baldwin apple for New York I'ity as published in 

 the Almrictiii A<jricl( llii risi: 



Month. 

 Nov. 1 



1SU6-7. 

 $1.00 



Dec. 1 8,5 to .$1.00 



.Tan. 1 1.00 to 1.12 



Feb. 1 1.00 to 1.50 



March 1 1,25 to 1.50 



April 1 1 25 to l.,50 



May 1 1..J0 to 2.50 



Month. 



-Season 

 1807-,' 



d'- 







/Sajfrai, 



.Stor<ip-e 



2408. Plao of a home-built iced storehouse. 



First rionr iu uplier cut: basement in lower cut. 



should he used as far as possible in the details of con- 

 struction. For this purpose brick is superior to stone, 

 and wood is a better non-conductor than either. For 

 permanence, however, efficiency in this respect must lie 

 sacrificed. But as confined air may be l:ietter than an arti,- 

 ficial substance, by multiplying the layers or partitions 

 in a wall "deail-air spaces" can be increased and nearly 

 perfect insulation secured. For the practical orchardist, 

 however, cost must be considered, and if wood and pa- 

 per can be made to take the place of brick at a suffi- 

 ciently less cost, permanence may be overlooked. This 

 can be done, and with these cheap materials very satis- 

 factory results obtained. After proper insulation comes 

 ventilation. With ice-cooled houses advantage should 

 be taken of all assistance which nature can lend. With 

 proper ventilating shafts for carrying off heat and mois- 

 ture and ample subterranean pipes arranged to admit 

 chilled air from naturally cool places such as ravines, 

 the temperature of the house can be greatly lowered 

 during frosty nights, and the store of ice husbanded to 

 that extent. During the winter months outside cold can 

 be admitted and housed up to maintain a low tempera- 

 ture far into the summer. The cold storage of apples 

 has now grown to be such an important factor in the 

 markets that reports are made from time to time to give 

 ail idea of the quantity of fruit available, and to be used 

 as rational basis for fixing the selling ])rice of apples at 

 any given season. 



The following figures, as reported by the National 

 Apple Shippers' Association, will serve to show, not 

 only the method, but the magnitude of the storage Imsi- 

 ness as well : 



$1..50 to $2.00 

 2. .50 to 3.00 

 2.00 to 

 2. ,50 to 

 2.50 to 

 2.50 to 

 2.75 to 



I!., 50 

 3.75 

 3.50 

 50 

 a. 75 



1808-9. 

 $2.50 to $2.75 

 3.00 to 4.00 

 3.00 to 3.50 

 4.00 to 4. .50 

 2.50 to 4..50 

 4.00 to 4.,50 

 3.75 to 4.50 



1890-00 



Nov. 1 $1.25 to $2.00 



Dec. 1 1.25 to 2.25 



.Tan. 1 2.00 to 



Feb. 1 3.00 to 



JIarch 1 2.50 to 



April 1 3. .50 to 



May 1 4.00 to 



Season of 



1900-01. 

 $1.25 to $1.50 

 2.00 to 2.50 

 2.75 to 3.00 

 1.75 to 3.25 

 2.25 to 3.50 



2.75 

 3.;50 

 3.50 

 4.25 

 4.75 



Ben Da5-is ranged higher at the close of the storage 

 season, but as it was difficult to secure consecutive re- 

 ports of that apple the Baldwin was chosen instead. 



This indicates the margin of profit there is for the 

 producer in holding his fruit in cold storage. The aver- 

 age is $2.37.^2 per barrel, which gives the aggregate of 

 $2,899,375 on the apples iu cold storage during the year 

 1900. 



The apple, grape and pear are important cold storage 

 fruits in eastern United States. The great profit of 

 cold storage to the grower has come through enabling 

 him to withhold high-grade fruits, and even varieties 

 which keep poorly in common storage, from the market 

 at harvest time. Desirable sorts which are normally 

 out of market by Thanksgiving time can he held much 

 longer in cold storage and the profit from them greatly 

 increased. The idea that summer sorts can be made to 

 do duty as winter sorts through the agency of cold 

 storage cannot be realized. For the best results only 

 the choicest specimens of the winter sorts should be 

 allowed to go into storage outside the farm warehouse. 



Besides the great revolution and 

 developmei:it in apple growing 

 which has resulted from the addi- 

 tion of cold storage to the trade, 

 a corresponding growth and spread 

 of the peach, strawberry, cherry 

 and plum industry have resulted 

 from the development of the re- 

 frigerator car service. As early as 

 18Go attempts were made to carry 

 perishable products such as 

 peaches, raspberries and strawber- 

 ries long distances in refrigerating 

 boxes and artificially cooled cars. 

 While these early experiiuents must 

 he counted as failures, they led tip 

 to the present extensive fruit- trans- 

 portation business, which is con- 

 ducted on the same idea as the 

 Pullman sleeping car —that is, of 

 providing refrigerating cars, which 

 run over certain roads, gathering 

 the fruit from areas having a large 

 output, re-icing the cars at given 

 points, and carrying the product 

 for many days in good order. The 

 development of this industry was 

 due to the skill of Mr. F. A. Thomas, 

 of Chicago, in cooperation with stonewall 

 Parker Earle, then of Cobden, 111. 



With the application of refrigeration to the storage 

 room of ocean liners, Australia. Tasmania aud New 

 South Wales liecome our competitors in the apple and 

 orange markets of the world. This business has long 



2409. Detail of wall 

 of storehouse. 



a. Flooring: h. fur- 

 ring strip: c, paper; 

 d, 2 X 4 : ■ ■ ■ - 



18 - inch 



