1750 



STYRAX 



SWAINSONA 



re. Pr,}irr/s '.^-1 lit. loug , fj/uhroas. 



Jap6nica, Sieb. *t Zuc<-. Fig. 2439. Shrub or ^niall 

 tree, becoming 30 ft. high, with slender spreading 

 branches: young brauchlets and Ivs. with stellate pu- 

 bescence, which soon disappears : Ivs. broadly elliptic to 

 elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends, often acuminate, 

 crenately serrulate, glabrous, 1-3 in. long: fls. pendu- 

 lous, in"3-G-fld. glabrous racemes; corolla about ^. in. 

 long, with slightly spreading, elliptic, tomentulose petals ; 

 calyx usually with short and broad, obtuse teetli. 

 June, July. Jap., Cliina. 8.Z. 1:23. Gt. 17:583. B.M. 

 59.^0 (as S. serruhtlnw). M.D.G. ]899:229, 230. 



S. Benzoin, Dryand. SnuiU tree, allied to S. Japonir-u: Ivs. 

 stellate-tomentose bene;itli, also pedicels and calyx. Miday 

 Archip.— .S'. officinalis. Linn. (.Mosely allied to S. Caiifornica: 

 petals 5-7; stameusconiKiteoidynt the base. Mediterr. region. 

 — .S. platanifijiia. Eimt-hii. Allied to S. Californiea: almost 

 glabrous: Ivs. unduliite oi- ii-iTt,'nlarly sinnately lobed. Tex;iS. 

 —S. vulveridenta , Mirhx. L<nv slirul), allied to S. Americ-aiia, 

 biit Ivs. stellate-pubescent when young: tis. fragrMut. on short, 

 tomentose pedicels. S. Va. to Fla. and Tex. B.B. 2:riii9.— N. 

 serrulata, Eoxb. Shndi or tree, 40 ft. hitih, allied to S. Ameri- 

 cana: Ivs. usuiilly elliptic-oblong, aexxminate, distinctly sr-rru- 

 late: fls. short-pedicfled. in ,^10-fld. short racemes; calyx and 

 pedicels tomentose. E. ludia. Alfred Rehder. 



SUCCORY. Another name for Chicory. 



SUCCULENTS are desert plants that IItc on a mini- 

 mum of moisture. Kitchen vegetables are said to be 

 "succulent" when they are tender, sappy, full of juice, 

 — as lettuce or cucundters. In ornamental gardening 

 " Succulents " are such tough and dry plants as cacti 

 and century plants. The cacti are typical Succulents, 

 as they represent a botanical family created by ages 

 of desert life. Even in tlower and fruit the cacti are 

 much removed from other botanical families, and in 

 the structure of their %'egetable parts they are highly 

 specialized to accord with desert conditions. Near to 

 cacti, botanically, are saiiposeil to be the flcoidere, <.'f 

 which the large genus M'-smiljryantheraum is niost im- 

 portant. The family Orassulacete contains many fleshy 

 or succulent plants, the most important genera of which 

 are mentioned under Crasstild. Other familie.s that have 

 left survivors in the desert, though greatly altered in 

 appearance and habits of life, are the lily family, e. g. , 

 Agave and Aloe; the spurge family, e. g., Euphorbia ; 

 the milkweed family, e. g., Stapelia; the purslane 

 family, e. g., Portiilaca, and among composites certain 

 species of Senecio, Kleinia and Hertia. Riimpler's Die 

 Sukkulenten, Berlin, bs;)2, is an illustrated book of 263 

 pages covering the above ground, mostly from the bo- 

 tanical side. Nearly all the good cultural books on cacti 

 notice the succulent plants of other families. In this 

 work consult Cacti and the varions genera indic;ifcd 

 above. See also special bonks published in Eiirn])e, 

 There is no special American book literature. -\y ^^i 



SUGAR APPLE. Aii-ma s</,nfmnsa. 



SUGAR BERRY. CrI/i., orr!,]e»talis. 



SUGAR BUSH. In some English books this name 

 refers to Profea indJifcra . a plant not cult, in America. 

 Tn the U. S., Sugar Bush, or Sugar Orchard, refers to 

 a grove of sugar maples, 



SUGAR CANE. Se-- Sar.-hurnw. 



SUKSDORFIA violacea, (iray, and SuUivantia Ore- 

 g^na, S. Watson, are two small perennial herbs of the 

 saxifrage family native to the Columbia river region. 

 They were once offered by western collectors but an- 

 not known to be in cultivation. Thev are fully desi-ribcd 

 in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts. Sci.. Mip "former in l.".:41. the 

 latter 14:292. 



SUMACH. S(M. Wins. 



SUNDEW. Pr"srn>. 



SUNDROP. YcIlow-dowered diurnal primroses (see 

 Priinnhi); also (J-Jnothrni frufivi>sa. 



SUNFLOWER. Species of H<'liaul]n,s. The common 

 Sunflower of gardens is ffrlin ufhns .iinnnis. 'V]\\~. is 



grown for ornament, and the seerls (fruits) are also 

 us.-d as poultry food. Sunflower oil, ]iroduced in Rus- 

 sia, is used in salads. See Bull. (iO, I)iY. of Chemistry, 

 r. S. Dept. of Agric, by Harvey W.Wiley, on "The Sun- 

 flower Plant, its Cultivation, Composition and Uses," 1901. 



SUN ROSE. HrJi- 



^/hr 



SURINAM CHERRY. Engt-nia Mirh.-liJ. 



SUTHERLANDIA (James Sutherland, one of the 

 oarlirst siqierintendents uf the Edinburgh Botanic Gar- 

 dens, autljor of "Hortus Medicus Edinlmrgensis," 1683). 

 J^ojitniiuf'sir'. S<ilh'iTJ<nidla fruicsi-i'iis, the BLADnER 

 Senna of the Cape, might be roughly described as a red- 

 flowered Swainsona. It is a tencler shrub said to grow 

 3 ft. high or more in South Africa. Each leaf is com- 

 posed of about 9-11 pairs of leaflets and an odd one. 

 The fls. are bright scarlet, drooping and in the best va- 

 riety an inch or more long. The blossoms are not pea- 

 shaped; the standard is oblong, with reflexed sides; 

 the keel is longer than the standard, and the wings are 

 very short. The fls. are numerous and borne in axillary 

 racemes, o-ll in a raceme. An interesting feature of 

 the plant is its large bladder-like pod, which sometimes 

 measures 2^4 xlM inches. 



Botanically Sutherlandia is very imperfectly under- 

 stood. There are at most 5 species, or S. friitescens may 

 prove to be the only one. Generic characters: tis. as 

 described above; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; stamens 

 9 and J: ovary stalked, many-ovuled; style bearded: 

 pod many-seeded, indehiscent: seeds reniform. 



At the Cape S. frufe-'^cen.'i runs into two forms. The 

 common or typical one has the leaflets glabrous above, 

 while in the seaside form, var. toine)ifos<i , they are sil- 

 very white on both sides. In cultivation there seem to 

 l)e three forms: (1) the typical sjiecies, which is gener- 

 ally treated as an annual in France. (If Sutherlandias 

 are kept for several years in a greenhouse the plants 

 become woody and unsightly and lose some of their 

 foliage. Young, compact and bushy specimens are pre- 

 ferred.) (2) A form with larger red tis. (var. gravdi- 

 flora ) , which in France at least does not flower until the 

 second year. (3) A white-fld. form, which is probably one 

 of two ditferent things cultivated under the name of S. 

 florihunda , but "svhich is here called »S'. frute.^iccn.s, var. 

 a I ha. 



Sutherlandias are highly esteemed by French connois- 

 seurs. They are propagated liy seeds and are said to be 

 readily raised by cuttings. Seeds of the typical form are 

 sown in I\Iarch or April under glass and the plants bloom 

 the same summer for several months. They seem to be 

 usually kept in pots for the decoration of verandas, 

 torraces, etc., but could probably be grown in the open 

 border during summer. The seeds of var. graudiflora 

 ;ire generally sown in June or July, and the plants 

 wintered in a greenhouse. They bloom toward the end 

 of ;May. which is earlier than the typical forms. For 

 winter treatment* the French advise very moderate water- 

 ing and as much air and light as possible. In America 

 the Sutherlandias seem to be known only in California, 

 though an eastern dealer has recently offered one under 

 the name of "Scarlet Bush." The var. gravdiflora is 

 worthy of trial by northern florists. Flora Capensis 

 2:212. The species is hardy at San Fraucisco. 



irut6scens, R. Br. Bladder Senna of the Cnpe. 

 Tender South African red-tid. shrub described above. 

 Harvey calls the typical form var. communis; it has 

 Ifts. glabrous above, elliptical or obloni:: ovaries iind 

 l>ods glabrous. B.M. 181 (as C'dafea fyiif^.-ic'tis), R.H. 

 ^H\H\. p. L'0(i. Var. tomentosa, Harv. Lfts. shorter and 

 broader, obovate or obcordate, silvery whito on both 

 sides: ()\'arics and pods hispid. Var. gTandiflora. Hort. 

 (S. flnrilnhula, Carr., not Vilm.), has lariTH rrd lis. ;ind 

 does not bb.om until the s^-ond year. R.H. lS7l:(ilO. 

 Var. alba (X. flaythnnda .WUn.. not Carr.) has white lis. 

 Ernest P-raunton. of Los Am^'des. roceived in 1000 a plant 

 called -V. sprrfablJis. of which little is known, ^w. 51, 



SUWARRO. C'fn 



<i<g< 



„lr 



SWAINSdNA (Isaac Swainson, an English horti- 

 nlturist of the latter part of the eighteeid'h century). 

 )fli'n spelled >!ivn insniiia . Lfgi(nii}i'^>firt'. About 25 



