SWEET EOTATO 



8YMPTT0HICAHP0S 



to be the staiuiard of exeelU'iu-c, ninl is ;i i;o.m1 kcprr 

 thouirli yiotdiiiij; very lig-htly. 



The market it is intended to supjily sliould, tbereton', 

 be specially pbmted for. If for iinrthi-rn shipment, tlir 

 Jersey Sweet is prt'feralile. For early bical sale Orleans 

 Red ("Nii;g:er-killer"), Early (xoldrn or Bermnda Red, 

 head the list. For winter stora,L,^r and local market in 

 spring it is best to rely on the gond ,.ld popniar standard 

 — the Georgia Yam — despite its light yield, or rein- 

 force it with Vineless, which closuly approaches it in 

 quality and is a n\nch heavier croi>i>er. 



Ilr^iH N. Starxes. 



SWEET SCABIOUS. See 



'af'iosti . 



SWEET-SCENTED SHRUB. Si-u Cahicandms. 



SWEET-SOP. AnntHl sq»a>,los„. 



SWEET SULTAN. See Cr>,fa>irca wnsrlni/a. 

 SWEET VERNAL GRASS. See Authoxa Nthnm . 

 SWEET WILLIAM i^ Piituthus barhotu.s. 



SW^RTIA (after Emaniud Swert. a bnlb cultivator nf 

 Holland and author of Florihi/in in . MW'I). Gentiana- 

 C'-:<T. AViout 40 species, widely scattered about the worM 

 but mainly from S. Asia, of annual or perennial herbs 

 with simple leaves, m.ain.lY radical in the perennial spe- 

 cies and yellow, blue or white flowers in l(.M>se or rather 

 dense corymbs. 



Calyx i-H-parted: corolla rotate, with a very short 

 tube and glandular pits at the base of i-a<di b>he; lobes 

 ■l-.T. overlapping to the ritjht: ovary 1-biculed: capsule 

 dehiscing by 2 valves at the sutures. 



diliita, Benth. & Hook. {Opli^lhi n;]nla. Ledeb.l. A 

 tender perennial about 1 ft. higii : sti.'ni winged and an- 

 gled, branching from near the t.iasi.- : Ivs. glalu'ous, 

 ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, rather olituse, rounded at 

 the base, short-petioled: tis. 4-nierous, blue, in a dense, 

 fastigiate umbel; corolla- lobes ovate, rounded at the 

 apex and bearing at the base a single ovate, nectarifer- 

 ous pit destitute of a fringe. E. Asia, Japan. 



per^nms, Linn. A hardy perennial ^--1 ft. high: 

 lower Ivs. oblong - elliptical, loiig-petioled ; stem-lvs. 

 ovate - oblong, obtuse: fls. mostly 5-merous, blue to 

 white, in a thyrse; corolla-lobes elliptical-oblong, ai-ute. 

 bearing at the base 2 orbicular nectariferous pits crested 

 with a fringe. Colo., Utah and northward; also in the 

 alpine regions of Europe and in Asia. ~^'. jjf?-c)?jf/.s- is 

 an alpine bog plant and should be given a cool, deep, 

 moist soil. Y. W. Barclay. 



SWIETfiNIA (Gerard van Swiet<'n, 1700-1772, physi- 

 cian to Empress I\Iarie Theresa in Vienna). Jfelif'tceit'. 

 This genus contains the mahogany tree, a tree of high 

 importance in the furniture trade. The 3'oung trees an- 

 offered by nurser^"men in S. Fla. and S. Calif. A tropi- 

 cal genus of 2 or 3 species of tall trees, with abruptly 

 pinnate leaves with opposite petioieil obliquely ovate 

 long-acuminate leaflets and small flnwers in axillary or 

 somewhat tenninal panicles; ralyx small, .■i-j)arted; 

 petals 5, spreading; staminal tuix' urn - slKipr<l, 10- 

 toothed; disk annular: ovarj' ovoid, sessile, r)-bK.'uled : 

 capsule about 3 in. through. 



MaMgoni, Jacq. Mahogany. A large tree with bard 

 dark red wood of well-known valut* for furniture, ete. 

 Lfts. 6-10: fls. greenish yellow. Tropical regions' of 

 North and South America, West Indies and S. Florida. 

 — According to jMneller's "Select Extra-tropical Plants." 

 the degree of endurance of the tree is not sufficiently 

 ascertained. In Jamaica it hardly reaches an elevation 

 of 2,000 ft. It requires rich soil. According to Reasoner 

 Bros., the tree will bloom at small size when gro^vn in 

 P'-'^''^- F. W. Barclay. 



SWISS CHARD. See Beta. GrPiniH, S'fhtrJ Phn>ts. 

 SWORD LILY. Gladiolus. 



SYCAMORE in Europe is Ar.,- Ps<',ulo-j>U,ln nus ; in 



Auierieii Phlfaiius orc/'h')l(<i /Is. The Sveaninrr nl' liiii 



aneieiits was a kind of tig known as Pliaraeh's Ki-, ,s'//- 

 mnionis tnit/q>ii>rinii, or better PIc/is ;S [/<■>' lu o n(. s . 



SYMBIOSIS is the iminiate association of two or 

 more distinct organisms, wilh I.eiirht tu one only, or to 

 I'oi h ; conunensalism; consorlism ; copartnership. In 

 this association each or,i;-anisin is called a symbiotit. 



According to the characd.er of the union, several kinds 

 of syin))iosis havo been recognized: (!) Mutual antago- 

 nistic syndjiosis (nuitual I'arasitism) , when two ori^an- 

 isuis are foes of each other, as certain bacteria and ani- 

 mals, the latter sbowini,^ a "natural resistance ;" also the 

 synrroi)isin of certain liehens with lichens. (2) Antago- 

 nistic syuddosis (true jiarasitism) , when the host is 

 partly or completely kilh-fl by the parasite, as the po- 

 tato and the rot fungus {PJi ijtophthora htft'staus): or 

 galls (hyp ertropTi it's) produced on the host as in the 

 black knot of plums; and in higher plants, which live 

 at the expense of others, as the mistletoe (green) and 

 the dodder (chlorophylless). (I!) Mutual symbiosis. when 

 there is often reciprocal advantage; \'i) nntricism, 

 when one symbiont nourishes the other witluiut ap- 

 parently receiving any return, as the mycorrliiza and 

 the roots of forest trees; [h] mutualism, when a mu- 

 tual lieuefit results from the union of two ori;aTiisnis 

 capable of living separately, as the bacteroid and the 

 r<.tots of the Leguminosie; "(c) individualism, when the 

 synddonts are so intimately connected in their growth 

 as to suggest a single individual, as the union of alga and 

 fungus to form a lichen. (4) Prototrophy, the wet nurse 

 relationship, as in the lichen Leciden infiimesceuf:, 

 which eventually gets its nourishment by means of a 

 lodger, a different lichen. (5) Coutingent synddosis, 

 when one symbiont lives in the iuterior of anotlier for 

 shelter, as Nostnc in the tissues of Hepatica-, Eenina, 

 Cycas, Gunnera; and Anal'oeiu^ in AzoUa. 



John W. Harshbek<;er. 



2447. Symphoricarpos racemosus (>; ^.j>. 



SYMPHOKICARPOS lOre.-k. fmif horup in rh.tsfrrs\. 

 </<! jiri lidiiici:ii . Slinilis with sinipb-, opposite, oval, en- 

 tire and exstipulate Ivs.: tls. small: calyx 4-5-tooTlied ; 

 corolla canipanulate or Indl-sliaped. 4-5-lol)ed on short 

 ]>edicels ; stamens ."i. exserted ; stii^nni. caydtate : fr. a 

 4-locuIed, but 2-seeded berry. About 10 specie's. 



These little Ameriean slirubs are all excelli-nt plants 

 for covering thi' ground under tn-es, for nuissing m the 

 lower parts ot' beds nr Imrilers, or for detaidied i;-roiips 

 where something low is ibsired. They will thrive in 

 almost any soil from beav_\' (day to dry gravelly banks. 

 Tlieir habit <"d' su'd^^-'^iu^■ enables them to cover the 

 ground rapidly and efl'ei-tively. All have a tendency to 

 retain their fruit until it is forced oft', and one species 

 retains its foliairt^. For rln^se reasons they are pleasing 

 additions to tlie vitiTer landscape. Of easy propaL'ation 



li)' suckers, seed nr ri|l)iim'<. 



A. Frnil u'hifr. 

 B. S/ri turns: •i.uil sfijlc inrlndcl. 

 racemdsus, IMichx. Snowiucrry. "\Taxberky, Fig. 

 2tl-7. A shrul'. 2-0 ft. high: Ivs. sniooth, entii-e or 

 sonietimes repitnd or even lolied: fls. rose color, in a 

 loose and often leafy racenie : stamens and style in- 

 cluded : fr. globose, white, persistent. July, Aug. 



