1768 



TAMARINDUS 



TAMARIX 



order to prevent fermentation, the lirst --yru|'. \\iiicli is 

 very acid, is puui'ed vS and a second is added. Also 

 that an excellent preserve is imported fiuni L'uravoa, 

 which is niaih:- from the unripe pods pre.served in yu- 

 ■yi-dv witii The addition of spice. The East Indian Tama- 

 rind Las lun.tr pods; tlie West Indian short ones. 



The Tamarind tree yields a handsume Ciiniitnre 

 wood. It is yellowish white, sunietiiui's \v\t\\ red 

 streaks, liard and close-f^rained ;, iie;trt-\v<MHl d;irk pur- 

 ]ilisli brown. 



Botauically. th.- llowcr of the Tainarin.l is ratlier dif- 

 ticiilt to understand, li i^ tar reiii'>\i d from the swrcl 

 pea type, which is i hi* <>w a ni>rtliorner cm im only 

 thinks of as tyjiica! of ihe le-nnie family. At hrst 

 fi'Iance it is a i>ale \i'lhi\\- flower altout an imdi across 

 ^\■ith <> or 7 jM-taN. cjf wliiidi :i are ATincil wilh riMl, (in 

 (doscr study it seems i hat 4 of tin* showy parls are 

 hii'h are all pah- yt.dlow. The three red-^'oined 



tJiat th< 



st-|ia(s, \v 



l>arts are jM-ials, while the other two ]iotal 

 student expects to find, are re<lu ced to niei-e fo'is- 

 tles hidden in the flower at the has<' of the sfaniinal 

 tul.)e. Only ;i [of the stamens are frrtile. the other h 

 hein:,'' small and ru<limentary. Tlios.- thjral (diameters 

 dlstiiii^uish Taraariuflus from allii'd i^euera. of wliiidi 

 only Schotia seems to he cult, in America. 



Tamarinds ran be raised fnnn cuttinLTs hut more 

 easily by seeds, although they are of slow growth. 



Indica, r.iun. (T. offirinnlis. Hook.). Tamakixd. 



Fig. 24tll. Tender evergreen tree, attaining a height fd' 



80 ft., with a circumference of 



25 ft.: Ivs. abruptly pinnate; 



\ Ifts. 20-40, opposite, oblong, 



1 obtuse : fls. pale yellow, the 



|t:^L . petahs veined with "red. B.M. 



I VHhXJ^ ■^'*'^-^- - The tls. are said to vary 



Ml5)yy %. to white or pinkish. 



W. FIarris, E. N. Reasoner 

 and W. M. 







3?^: 



TAMARISK. Pee r,ininyi:r. 



TAMAKIX {ancient Latin 

 name). T(tina ns^itcta- . Tama- 

 KISK. C)rnaiuental .slirnljs or 

 trees, witlj niinute, alternate, 

 seale - like leaves and small, 

 usually liiclit pink tlowets in 

 racemes or terminal i"*anic]es, 

 I'lillnwed hy small ca]isular 

 fruits. Ninie of the species are 

 quite lianly north, ijut T. (hlrx- 

 siina . Oallint and pii rvifhira 

 are fairly hardv as far north as 

 Ma,ss. the Tamarisks are all 

 of graceful and distinct appear- 

 ance, with lijiht and feathery 

 foliage and large, loose pani- 

 cles of pinkish liowers. Several 

 of tlie species bloom late in 

 summer and are a welcome ad- 

 dition to our auttimn-rtowering 

 shruhs. As they are inhabit- 

 ants of warmer arid regions, 

 they are well adapted for coun- 

 tries of similar clinuitic condi- 

 tions. Tiiey are alsi.. exc(dleiit 

 f"r seaside planting. They 

 irrow well in saline and alka- 

 line soil anil thrive iti the very 

 s|ir;iy of ihe s.dt water. Prop", 

 hy seeds, which are very fine 

 and should he only slightly 

 covered, or usually by cuttings 

 of ripened wood or greenwood 

 cuttings under glass. 

 About GO species from the 

 2462. Tamarix parviflora. Mediterranean region to E. 

 ' ' 'a ) Imlia and .Japan. Sliruhs or 



trees: Ivs. alternate, scah-like. 

 ollrn amrdexicaul or sheathing: tls. snutll. s1m.i1 -pc^li- 

 celed or sessiln. in r;itlirr dense rai-eiiies: si pals and 

 Jielals 4-."): stann-ns nsiK-dlv -l-."i. r:M'ilv S-lli. sonie- 

 tinies slightly connate at the base: ovary one -celled 





surrounded at the base by a disk; styles 2-5; fr. a 

 capsule, dehiscent into ;i-5 \"al\'es; seeds many, minute 

 with a tuft of hairs at the apox. Several species have 

 medicinal properties and yield dye-stuff.s. The punc- 

 tures of an insect, Cordis maim Ij/x-nis, cause T. iiian- 

 itifi'va to produce "manna." 



T. Germanu-ii , Linn., is now referred to tlic t-'cnus 

 Myricaria, which is chiefly distinguished by the U) sta- 

 mens connate one-third to one-half, and by the H sessile 

 stigmas. Ten species are known, all shrubby or sutfru- 

 ticose. with the fls. in terminal, often panicled raccnjes. 

 .1/. Ofrnniiiirii , Desv,, is a glabrous undershrnh, 4-(; ft. 

 high, with upright, wand - like brandies: Ivs. (ninute, 

 bluish green, lanceolate, glandular - dotted: fhs. light 

 l)iid-: or whitish, in 4-G in. long terminal racemes, usu- 

 ally with lateral ones at the base; stamens connate 

 about one-half. M. and S. Eu., W. Asia. M. Dahiirica, 

 Ehrenb. {Ta)ii(trix Dalxirira , Willd.), is very similar, 

 but racemes usually solitary and stamens connate only 

 one-third. Dahuria, Transbaikalia. The culture is the 

 same as of Tamarix; the;' prefer sandy, moist soil. 



INDEX. 



( s. L. refers to .supplementary list.) 



Africana, ^. Diihurii-a. see para- Kaskgarico, ~. 



Amurensi.s, s. n . grapli above. Narboinieiisis, :j. 



Aii!/([ca, '3. Gallica, ;i. (tdessaua, (J. 



arhnrca. '.i. Germanica, see Pailasii. s. i^. 



articidata, s. L. paragrapli atiO\e. parvitliir;i, ]. 



('ana rieiisls, '■',. liispi.bi, 7. prntnndra. ;;. 



Caspica. s. L. In(.lii-;), li. plinnon'r . 4, 



Chineiisis, ;'>, Jaj'onira. 4. piiriniri-n. 1. 



juniperinu, 4. tetraui.lr;i, 'J. 



A. Fl>i. 4-itirroits: racimics laieral <<ii Just 

 year's bra nchrs . 



B. Pehils .sprcadiiuj, jir rsi.sttiil 1. parviJlora 



BB. Pefiils erect , deviihi'nis 2. tctrandra 



AA. FJs. .'-tHerous, iisiitiilij in teniuiia! 

 panic Us. 

 B. Lvs. >iUil>roiis. 



0. Petals deciduous 3. Gallica 



00. Petals persistrnt. 



D. Kacernes hiifral 4. juniperina 



DD. Ii'itcenics pauicf<'d, terininal. 



E, A tree 5. Chinensis 



EE. A shruh (1. Odessana 



BB. IjVs. pnhrsceiit 7, Mspida 



1. parvifl6ra, DC. {T. tct rdiida ,yar. pa)-vindra .B<nsR. 

 and Kotschy). Fig. 24(12. Shrub or small tree, 15 ft. 

 high, with reddish brown bark and slender spreading 

 branches : Ivs. ovate, acuminate, semi-amplexicaul, 

 scarious at the apex when older: fls. pink, very short- 

 pediceled, slender in racemes about 1 in. long, along 

 last year's branches; petals spreading, persistent; 

 calj^'x very small, sometimes only iJ-parted; styles usu- 

 ally 3, much shorter than ovarv. April, May. S. Eu. 

 F.S. 9:898. R.H. 1855:401. -Often confounded with the 

 folh.-wing s]iecies. also with T. Africana and (iallica 

 and cult, undrr these names. T. tetrandra, var. pny- 

 jnirea, prolnibly belongs here. 



2. tetrdndra, Pall. Shrub or small tree, attaining 12 

 ft., with almost black bark: lvs. ovate-lanceolate, some- 

 what narrowed at the Iiase, with diaphanous margin: 

 lis. light pink or almost white, in racemes 1-2 in. long 

 abmg last year's branches; disk purple, deeply 4-Iolted ; 

 styles usually 4, about us long as ovary. Aju-ii. Jlay. 

 S.E. Eu., W. Asia. — Douldful whether iii cultivaiimi in 

 tliis Country; all plants seen under this name by the 

 writer belong to the preceding species. 



lb Gallica, Linn. {T. pi-»td),dra. Pail. T. arhinr.i, 

 Sl<-ii. T. Catiariensis, Wiild. T. Auqtica, Wchh). 

 Shrub or small tree, with slender spreading brauches; 

 lvs. dull to bluish green, dosoly imliricated, rhondiic- 

 ovate, acute or acuminair, keeled, siini-amidexicaul, 

 with scarious margin : Hs. white or pinkish, almost 

 sessile, in slender, panicbd racenu's; petals deciduous; 

 lilaments dilated at the base; disk usually deeply 5- 

 lobed ; styles :i. May-July. W. Eu. Mediterranean 

 r<'gion to Himalayas; naturalized in S. Texas. Gn. .'^4, 

 p. ;{i^9._V;,r. indica, Ehrenb. {T. /^^J/ra. Willd.). "With 

 slen<lor. npriudit branches: lvs. dull green: racemes 

 longer and slenderer: lis. pink: disk obscurely aii<l 



