TAPJIAN'NIA 



TAXODIUM 



1771 



em grefiiliouses: Ivs. rntlu'V siii:ill. oltloui:; lo uMniiy; 

 hiiu-eolatc. usually ol.'tuse, iiarrcwtMl to a sliort |Mii.)Ir 

 tls. ^-'-l ill- :u*ross. in siiiull. tcnniiial cluslrrs. SpriiiL;' 

 Ta-^iuaiiia. I'.K. ^11:4;.! (whitr. tiiii.-e.l |Miik). 



1\ W. P.AK.1.AV. 



TASSEL FLOWER 



See 



fhu. 



aii.l />' 



'■/, - 



TAU-KOK BEAN. See J>o/!chos. 



TAXODIUM (alhuliiiL,' to tin- similarity ..f thr foliair^- 

 to that nfTaxus). <.t li/pto.sl robus . Schuh/ rl l<i . (■"inf- 

 ()■((-. Tall (inuinieiital dei'idiKHis or rvrixTeeu trees, 

 with ilistinetly 2-raiiked, sniall, limar leaN'e-^ atnl L:in- 

 bosi- cr uvoid cues not exceed inir 1 in. acruss. Tin 

 Bald (.'ypress. T. (li.':fi<'Ji itm . is well known in .-uUi\"a- 

 tion and is hardy as far north as New En^^dand. it i^ ; 

 Yerv di;'sirabk' tree for park l:dalJTinL^ Its lii^lit ;j:re('i 



nLLtiTiLT in lon^^ horizontal root^. Fnmi tliesi' roots 

 spring: tlio pei-uliar (.-x-jiress knees, jiyraniidal pniUilier- 

 aiiee-. euHii'oseil of a ^'e^y iJiiii t, soft . s|ion;:,}- woo. I and 

 spon-y hark. Tlieso soniHinies attain a hei-ht of in ft. 

 and with aice Usually l.'ei'ouie hollow. From the under 

 side of the horizontal roois lar;j,i.' anehor-roots are sent 

 lieri'endi.'ularly into the earth and help to anchor ihe 

 tree lirnilv in tlie swauipv viehliuL: soil. The knees are 

 helie\-ed hy some to he foriued" for The ]nirt)ose of 

 strengthening' this ro.jt-systi'in, since tlie_\" are rhiefiy 

 fiuiml opposite to the aurhor-roots, but tlieir main pur- 

 pose is probably to brinj^ air to the roots during' the 

 se\'eral ^ve^■)■:s or luonths when the swamps are covered 

 \vith water. The knees always ^Tow liiirii enough to rise 

 aliove tlje surface of the water (see, ahs(., (_i.F. J, ]•. 'J, 

 •2\. '2'2, oTl. 



The Bald Cypress thrives best in uioist, sandy soil, 

 hut usually also does well in drier sittiations. 'i'he haliit 

 seems t'") depend s(.imewhat <.ni the deij:ree of moisture ; 

 in <lrii'r soil the head is more narrow-iiyramidal, 

 in moist soil lir<»ader and more s]ireadin;;-. Frop- 

 airated l)y seeds sowui in spriui^' and the varieties 

 y li'raftiui,' on seedliuLC stock early in sjirin^; in 

 the ixreenhoiise ; also by cuttiuirs in sand con- 

 stantly saturated ^\■ith water or g-rown in \\ater 

 alone, umler t^dass. 



Three species in North America ami China. 

 Lvs. alternate, lim.-ar, tisually 2-ranked, falliuiii: 

 off in autumn or tlie si.^iM.uid year to;^n-ther with 

 the short lateral braindilets : tls. mon<ecious. 

 small; staminate ds. catkindike, consistin.ir of 

 spirally arraiiy-ed anthers, with 4-il anther-cells 

 ami ('(uauiiig terminal jiaiHcIes; pistillate fls, soli- 

 tary or ill pairs at the ends of branchlets <jf the 

 previous year. coin)ioseil of imbricated scales 

 bearinir two ovules inside at the Itase: cone ,l:Io- 

 btise or nearly so. mattiriiiK the first year, con- 

 sisting: of spirally ari-auged -woody scales en- 

 lar.L;-ed at the apex into an irre^ntlarly 4-sided disk 

 with a mucro in the middle and toward the base 

 narrowed into a slemler stalk ; 2 triangular, 

 winged seeils under each scale; cotyledons 4-9. 



The Bald (_'_\))ress is one td' the most valual.ile 

 timber trees of North America. The wood is 

 tu'own, lii^ht ami soft, close and straigiit-graiued, 

 but n(.it strong; it is easily wiu'ked, durable in 

 the soil and much used for construction. 



distichum, Rich, ( Ciip)-rssn.^ dls- 

 fieliii, Ijinn. ^i-linbt-rtio dhiitha , 

 Mirbe! I . Bald Cypkess. I»Erii>rnus 

 Cvi'iiESs. Fig. 24(19. Tall, deciduous 

 tree, becoming I.'O feet liigh, witii a 

 Ijut tressed trunk usually 4-5, but 

 sometimes attaining 12 ft. or more in 

 diameter, usually hollow in old age; 

 bark light cinnamon - bro^vn, tiaky ; 

 branches erect or spreading, disticdi- 

 ously ramified, fornnng a narrow pyr- 

 anndal head, bei-oming at nialuiity 

 broad and rounded, with slightly pend- 

 ulous liraiiclies; Ivs. narrowly linear, 

 acute, thin. lii:ht greeri. ^.^-'^a i'l- h'lig: 

 panicles of the purplish staminate lis. 

 4-.') in. long: com.- almost gloliose, 

 rtiirose. aliout 1 in. across and desti- 

 tuti. of mucros at maturity : Seed '^4 

 in. loiur. :\Iarcb-:\lav. \)[-]. to hda.. 

 west to .^lo. and Tex. S.S. ]0:.":;7. 

 (t.F. ;::7; 1(1:12:.. ( i.C. II. 11 ::i72; IS: 

 :;(il ; in. 7:;i25. ::2s; 1 t:bo9: 24::;20. 

 Ung. 2:227.; ."il. (t.:\I. ;^:i:s7:.. ^\ 

 D.(t. lt^9d:::0:!. S.TI. 2:7)41. -An inter- 

 esting natural yariety is: 



Var. imbricarium,Nutt.( T.Oisfirliinn 

 Sin^n.^t' l"'H'Jnh!, Lodd. T. illstU]i,rn>. 

 yar. jn'mhihim. Carr. <; hf/>/osf rbhiis 

 prn.In/n^.EjuW. fi. Situ'i'sis. tIort.|, 

 feathery folia-e and the narrow pyramidal habit which Smaller tree, with si,.,idcr upri-ht or olten iw,niluhais 

 it usually retains in cultivation giye it a very distinct branehes (doth.d with sj-irally ai-ran-e.l, ueedle-sbaiied, 

 appearance. In its native ha)iitat it forms in old age a nn.re or h-. ni-fi-ht and ai.io-es^r.l Ivs. (.ir<'asionally 

 broad, round-topped liead s.nuetimes l(i(i ft. a<')-oss and found wild _wit)i the type and (d^eii cultivated. 1>.M. 

 has the trunk much euhii---ed at tlie base bv hu-e. often 7.i;(i:i. F. ]s,l. j.. GO. 

 hollow buttresses ].ro.i'^'-T ing in ail directions ami lermi- A great number of garden forms have beeu ilescriliee , 



S-iGS. Variation in (ohape of the common Dandelion. 

 All leaves drawn to Ihe same scale. 



