TEA 



TECO.MA 



iiitr.'- 

 tituie 



It 



M'-V 



irlv 



expt'rimi.-iiT<. N\'vertheles,s. the rt-vultunt \<nx<- 

 larger irardt-n^ uii(|Urstioa;ibly piXKliK-fii '['vn 

 riavor, ulthoui:h very trfueruUy lU-'Void uf that ,- 

 of liquor wbioli lartt^'rly. am! f spr^'ially sinci.- ll 

 vUu'tion of tlu-- Tndo-(.'ryl<iii 'L\'as. apiK-ar-- r>' .-d 

 a most ilfsiraMe ((uality t>_u- iiiau\' i--'ii.-.uin.T--. 

 be presuuuHl, h<.>\ve\"er. tbat tlji> faihivf in piuiir 

 was birL^fly due ri.> defective euriui.^ and pariicu 

 to inadequate rolling" >'f tbe l^-af. in enn-^t'ijuenc- 

 wbioh tbe eup qualities of tlu' Tea wt-ru 

 uoT fully developed. 



So far a-; is kni^'wu, it remained for tbe 

 National Department of Agriculture to be- 

 i::in. twenty years a>:o. tbe tirst serioiis at- 

 tempt to piMdvi>;t' Auu ricaii oomniercial Tea. 

 Cubappily. tbe retirrmmc from uthoe "f 

 C'omiui-^sioner Wm. li. Le Dur. tu ^Y!los,_- 

 great iutere-^t in tbis subject the inception 

 of tbe experiment wa^ due : tbe seriuiis 

 prostration by illne'^s of Mr. Jobu Jack-^on, 

 wbo had culrivated Tea in India, and under 

 whose management tbe seed was obtained 

 aud the gardens established; tbe great di^- 

 tauoe of tbe station from its source *.'f con- 

 trol I Wasbiuirton I , as also tbe unfavi.>ra}>le 

 opinion of a sultsequent comnii>sii.iner as 

 to the ultimate success i.>f tlie undertuk- 

 iuiT. combined to cau--e tbe total ab;aidon- 

 meut by tlie i.-ii.>verinuent (;d' tbe tea-gar- 

 deus u-hicb it had estaldished l'U tbe same 

 "Xewingtvui" plautatit.m that embraced tbe 

 adjoiuiug site of the later ft'rmed Finehur>t 

 estate. 



The Pinehur-^T inve-^tigatii^in owed it-- *"iri- 

 giu to the belief that the previou> attempts 

 to demonstrate tbe feasibility of American 

 Tea culture bad been arrested before reach- 

 ing definite coucUi>ions. More careftil cul- 

 tivation and maniptilation. the result of pro- 

 tracted obserration. with the nuisequent 

 production of a hiirher class of Tea>. luigiit reverse tbe 

 irenerally entertained opinion that the cultivation of 

 Tea. as an industry, in this country nmst always prove 

 a failure. It was hoped that sticoess in this field of 

 ai^rieuitural enterprise w.nild furni^li employment for 

 fhoii^imd- who are now idle and give a value to va^-t 

 acres at present worthless. 



The local experiments, begun abotit ten years airo. 

 were wisely on a small seale: but they have been gradu- 

 ally increased until they now embrace about sixty 

 acres planted in Tea, a commodious factory equipped 

 with the requisite mechanical appliances, facilities for 

 the application of irrigation to some of tbe tea-garden--, 

 and a well-trained corps of youthful tea picker*. When 

 the gardens shall have arrived at full bearing, the an- 

 nual crop should exceed 12,000 pounds of dry. high 

 L'rade Tea, and this quantity should suffice for tbe oli- 

 jeot in view; viz., to determine whether coninieri-ial tea 

 maybe profitably L^-own under tlie local c-nd iti^'U-; of 

 !?oil, climate and lai'or. It wa-^ oliviously <le.-iralple i" 

 conduct experiments with as many varieties of seed 

 and on a,s different sorts of soil and location as pi.i-- 

 :^ible. To this end. partly by tbe kind assistance vi 

 the U. S. Department of Agriculttire and partly by pur- 

 chase from domestic and foreign producers, a consider- 

 able variety of seed, representing many of the choicest 

 sorts of Tea, was obtained. Gardens were establish<-d 

 on tiat and on rolling land, in drained swamps and 

 ponds, and on sandv. olavev, loamv and rirh liottum 

 soil. - . - 



It was from the outset expected that many of tb"-e 

 attempts would prove either partially or wholly un-^ui-- 

 ce^sful, but with very few exception^ tbe gardens are 

 fully au-^wering the nxpectation^. The annual crop ha-; 

 gradually, l>\it steadily, grown from i-^-^s than one hun- 

 dred pounds to .>.000 pounds of dry Tea. Several year^ 

 '^f experimentation have developed a -^y^rein nf pnining 

 in keeping with the local climate. Tlie liopefully crurial 

 trial occurred on February U. 1S99. when the tb.^rrnom- 

 eter fell to zero. Fahrenheit — tbe lowest recorded tem- 

 perature in l.iO year- of observation, but with compara- 

 tively few exceptions the tea-eardens escarped --eriL'US 

 injury, althouirh followed l^y a diminished ybdd for two 



1 -ome instaui 

 ;it I'tnehursr i 



TEA, OSWEGO. Mnuanh, 

 TEA, PARAGUAY. Ihr P, 



The >l.ecios of n 



A Kmvo I A-sam Hybrid i t.- 

 -i^'n ill Fi'j:. 2-47;;. 



( 'HAKLES r. ShePARI'. 



li.hfma. 



■■I'lii 



TEASEL. 



Fie. 71U. 



i'. 401 and 



2473. Assam-Hybrid Tea g^arden at Pinehurst. South Carolina. 



TECOMA ( abridged from the ^bxican name Tecomaxo- 

 chitl. I. Inoludintr C'i'iij'^ls. C" "i/'.-^i'hnin. CouraJta . 

 P'.nuh''rt" . St^ )toh'-hiii,n aud Ticoiiiii ria . Biijiioiiincto . 

 Tf^umfet Vise. Ornamental evergreen or deciduous, 

 climbing' or upright shrubs, or sometime.s trees, with 

 opposite, odd-pinnate or digitate leaves and showy 

 white, yellow, scarlet or violet flowers in jianicles or 

 racemes, followed by mostly elongated cylindrical pods. 

 Mo^t of the species are suited only for greenhouse cul- 

 tivation in the North, or for outdoor cultivation only in 

 sulitropical i:)r tropical regions. The hardiest sj^ecies ]•< 

 T. r-jJi. I ■(!)'.■<. which may lie grown as farnorth a-^ Ma-^sa- 

 chn^etts. at least in sheltered po'^iti'jns. Tin- ch.>-t-ly 

 allied T. a ra ndifh'nt is soiuewbat niiire tender. The 

 latter, as well as T. /-odica us , var. sj-'finya , can be 

 grown as bnsby specimens and will bloom freely on the 

 young shoots, even if cut back alnn^ist to the gr'Uind l.iy 

 frost. Sin.di plants can l.te easily ]iri>tected during the 

 winter by laying them down and ct_ivering them with 

 earth. 



The following are well -uit 

 southern states and Oaliforiii:i 

 ci-iol irreeidiouse and will staip 

 fralis. C-'p. ».sls, jas}>nuoid. > 

 Smifhii and sfan.<. T. Au.h 



fur eultivati'iu 

 r in the X'inb 

 a liuie fn.-r: 



/,--//;.^. .J,';ras 

 H Hsis. Ilhrifo! 



the 



the 



f ltd . 

 and 



t)ie warm 

 tion of tbe 

 munental < 

 adapted fo 



ran lit 

 Lrreenh 

 hrst 5 

 limiting ]i 

 r ci.iverini 



M"" 



'iwn oulv ill triq 

 e. Tbe'T.TMina; 

 (des de-^cribod 1, 

 lants. T. nni:,:, 

 walls and ri"-k- 



ical r 



:. Witl 

 di>W. 



lUS 



>r m 



tl 



otlets ami 

 r>-i|uire vie) 

 Prop a -at 

 LflaSS, or 

 lavers. > 



excel- 

 w. are very or- 

 is ])artii'ularly 

 ' it climb-; witl) 

 The Tec.mia- 

 unny ]Mwitii'i; . 

 ■uttiiiirs nvHb r 

 tt-<'urtiiii:s -A\\i\ 



liiiirs tirndy to its -.u]ii>m 



eji, vatlior m< dst s^il and 



1 liy S(--ed-;. by irnM-nwuod 



iv hardwoud and a No liy 



• ■. al-o. B'[iH'''i)ia for culture. 



1-; ciintaiii-^ more tliaii TOO ■^jiecios. fliieH\ 



epical aud -^ubtr^ 'lO^'al Anicri''a. alsL> f,.ni 

 .. S. Asia and Africa. I'limldnc or upriidi 

 ometimes trees: Ivs. odd-pinnate or digitate 



id ir 



The --1I 

 tives nf tr 

 Polynesia 

 shrubs. 



opposite, estipnlate: fis. in racemes or p.anicles; calyx 

 campanulate, 5-toothed or irregularly 2-5-lobeil : corolla 

 funnelform. with .5- or rarely 4-lobed limb; stamens 4, 

 2 louder and 2 shorter: style sb-iider: ovary 2-hi''uled, 



112 



