TEMrLETOXIA 



TENNESSEE 



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TENNESSEE. HORTICULTURE IN. 



,u-cicultural prodiU'ts vi Tenn. ->-•.,.,.■ aru 

 -(1 (.111 acLHUiur i_it' iliL- varieil ^,^\\ and 



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tious. A kiui\vli.d,Lre c't tlie n 

 >tate is erssfiuial tu a Tli"i'i>uudi 

 imdenstaudiii;^^ i>f it~ adaptal.dl- 

 uy to the varii>us ln-anclu-s vt 

 hortieiilture. 



The Uuaka re.irioii. on the 

 eastern border, ruiitains alaait 

 :],0OO stjiiare niik-s. S'liut- <.>f 

 the peaks are vwv O.OOo fvft 

 above seadevel. and the aver- 

 aire elevation is 7)XH^^^ feet. The 

 •-uil is gravelly and thin. l>ut 

 contains areas that are fairly 

 productive. Apples are giMwii 

 to a limited extent. 



The valley of East Tennessee 

 i-^ the next division. It eon- 

 tains 9,200 square niile>; and an 

 average elevation of 1.000 t'eet. 

 The soils are generally well 

 adapted to fruits. K e c u r d s 

 taken at Kni">xville durini: a 

 period of tvrenty-six years show 

 an average annual rainfall of 

 50.i)2 inches. 



A thousand feet above the 

 valley of Ea^t Tennessee lie-^ 



the Cumlierland Tableland. cont:iining 5.100 s^juare 

 miles. This section f^ir the most part is sterik'. tin.- 

 soils being sandy and thin. There are, lu>wever, aroa-^ 

 of land which produce fruits and vegetaldes of the 

 highest quality. The climate is particularly healtliful. 



West of the C'umberhind Tal-leland are the Rim- 

 lands, or Highlands, which have an area of 9,o0() 

 square miles and an average elevation of nearly 1.000 

 feet. This territory possesses a great variety 'A soil>, 

 some of which are highly fertile and well suitod to or- 

 charding. Xumerous streams eut the land into val- 

 leys, which are generally deep and narrow. 



The Central Basin, in whieli Xasliville is situated, 

 contains .3.450 square miles, wiih numerous elevation'-; 

 of 200-:]00 feet aliove the geurral level. The soil is 

 fertile and well adapted to snmU fruits and veiretables. 

 The average annual rainfall at Nashville is 40.5:1 inches. 



The next natural divi.-ion is the valby of tlie Ten- 

 nessee river. It has an elevation of aljout diiO fret and 

 ar area of 1.200 square miles. 



The Plateau, or Sh>pe. of West Tenuesse.- is rlir most 

 important horticultural reirion comniereially in the 

 state. It contains S.850 square miles and has an aver- 

 age elevation of 500 feet. The soils are generally light, 

 fertile and easily cultivated, but demand careful treat- 

 ment to prevent serii;'us damau'e Viy washiuir. 



The last natural division, the Mississijipi bottoms, ha-^ 

 an area of 950 sr|nare miles and an average elevatii.in of 

 295 feet. It is little used for horticultural purposes. 



The possibilities of Tennessee for the cultivation of 

 fruits and nuts are evideucotl by the profusion of theso 

 products in a wild state. Wild strawberries are found 

 thoroughly distriluited. Blackberries thrive every- 

 where. In favorable localities they attain a very large 

 size, surpassing in this resitect some of the cultivated 

 varieties. Wild blackberries are marketed in large 

 quantities in many sections. I\od and black rasiiberries 

 grow in most parts of tlie state : and in some sec- 

 tions the best of the wild blackcaps when trans- 

 planted to the garden, give better results than any of 



the cultivated varieties. 



out the state. Plums are 



the Wild Uoose variety 



Tennessee. Other wild 



ries. crab apples, JuhoIh 



and hurkleljerries. () I: i 



plentiful, espreially in tl 



tions. 1Mie chinkapin rloiirislie- 



hUack walnuts are exceedinL,d v nni 



in tine low sections. 11 a zr I nut 



white walnuts, are also plentiful. 



Some of tie- ]iati\-e seedlin-; fruits are ]i 

 This is esprriall\- irue of ajiph s. jiea-di. 

 berries. .Many Wfdl-known a arioiii.-s ini r 

 other states are not saiisfactorv. As a rii 

 duced kinds are not so woll adapted to th 

 soils as those of lucal ori,L-in. This faet 



iioiini a 

 hhist ' 



1 iMMto 



p oi Tennessee, suggesting main horticultural features. 



Fruit trees succeed throughout the state, but eastern Tennessee (between the mnuiitaiu 

 ranj^es I is best adapted to lar;^e fruits and grapes. The slnided areas indicate localjiiis 

 in which small fruits and vegetables are grown as field crops for market. 



Well established anioug practical horticulturists. It is 

 only a few years siui/e orchard Isis were plaiitini,^ 

 varieties of winter apples ori--inatod in tlio N(»rth. 

 After repeated failures to g,-t hrst-ehiss fruit of ^oimI 

 keeping qualities, they have bcL'-un to usi.' nari"\"e seed- 

 ling varieties. Some of them will doubtless he hu'gely 

 cultivated in the future. A few native ^"ar)eties of 

 winter apples have gained considerable popularity 

 among commercial orchardists. The fniits of these 

 sorts have commanded remunerative prices in competi- 

 tion with apples shipped from the North. Owing to the 

 great diversity of soils and exposures in this stale, it 

 i^ very important to selei't varioties that an^ adaj^ed to 

 the conditions where the troes are to be jdanted. Tlie 

 fact that a desirable apple has been originated in East 

 Tennessee is no proof that it will succeed well in all 

 liarts of this political division. On the contrary, it is 

 likely to give good results only in eertain soils and on 

 eertain exposures that are requisite f<ir its ju-oprr 

 irrowth and fruitfulness. 



All of the classes of fruits commonly irrown in the 

 northern half of the United States are pr'idueed in Ten- 

 nessee for home and commercial pur]>oM;s. Straw- 

 berries are shipped more largely to distant markets 

 than any other fruit. The area in ■i>eaehes is increasimr 

 rapidly. Summer apples are slii]q>ed from si-\eral 

 section^. Of the vegetaldi^s. tomatiies and Irish iiota- 

 toes are the most important commercially. The fol- 

 lowing counties have been active in producing and 

 shipping fruits and vegetables: Gibson. Carridl, 

 Crockett, 3Iadison. Ha5T^'00<l, Hardeman. Slndby. Hamil- 

 ton and Ehea. Peanuts are gro\vn largely in Perry. 

 Humphreys, Benton. Decatur, Hiekman and Wayne. 



Many locations in East Teimessee are peculiarly well 

 adapted to the culture of grapes. This is shown by the 

 htr.Lce exhibits of fine gra]ies made at the fall hortienl- 

 tural meetings. The loeal markets are well supplied 

 with home-grown grapes during their seas<in. 



The following special crops are produced to some 

 extent, and are xiromising for more extensive cultiva- 



