1824 



TOXYLON 



TKACHELOSPERMUM 



■are VMracious ferdi-rs ami nq'idly 'leplet..-' the .soil. 

 Hanlv as far m.rTh as .'\I:is>;iclm-^<-tts. A tree with 

 deciduous, siiuph', alteruaie, jieriohite. eutire leaves 

 an.l milky ^a|i: brandies, ii;i.nirularl y the h.wer, beset 

 with numerous str;n-ht. axillary >|>ines U-;; in. lun^': 

 Ms. minute, di'.eeious, a]M-tah.us, axiUary, aiipeariui.' in 

 Mav to June, tlie stauiinale l>'.u-ne on the sliort spur-like 

 branclih-ts of the |wi;vi(uis year, racemose. ]iedieilhite, 

 pendulous; (.-alyx 4-i)arr.Ml. with it^ se-menls valvate; 

 stamens 4. the 'pi^tii'^de Ixprne on branches of the eur- 

 rt^nt year, sessile, capiratr; i-edunrh^ sho]-t. the 4-rleft 

 calyx'iaclosins; the sessile o\ary: .style simple. lilif<u'n), 

 long and exserted: orary superior, one-loculed ; ovule 

 solitary: fr. a dense ;i --n-atiou of en]ar,i;-i-d, deshy ca- 

 liees into a i^Iobular syneari) with a mautuuUate sur- 

 face, litrht 1,-reeu or yellowish in color: syncarp 4-,' in. 

 in diiimetcr. fallin:,^ as soon as ripe in the autumn. 



■2536. Osase Oranpe— Toxylon pomiferum (X 1-5) 



pomiferum, Raf. f.)f"r]iini <n.i n/ nf 'nn-a .^iiti.). Osake 

 UKANUE. Fig. :3.'.:i(;. Tr.M\ ;-.l()-;3n ft. hi^dl: Ivs. .ivate 

 to oblonu'-hmceoiate. E. Ka.nsas to N. 'i'l-xas. Wood 

 ornn^^e-cdored, a.< '. III. ](; :i;:i:;. (i.M. 3:i:yil8,8Ulb K.Il. 

 lS!ir,. p. ;_;:_; ( var. hirrmis}. V. 4::;7. ^^hl Misciie. 



P>efore the advent of wire fences the Osage Orange 

 was an extremely popular hedge plant, meeting general 

 requirements better than any other plant suitable to 

 our climate. It is used eonsiderably, and where prop- 

 erly attended to from the start makes a hedge in a short 

 tinie of a fairly defensive nature. Most dealers in tree 

 seeds keep seeds of the Osage Orange, and those who 

 grow the plants procure the seed in spring, drilling it 

 in rows. Tlie Osage Orange grows readily from seed, 

 even when the latter is a year old. The sowing in rows 

 gives the seedlings a chance to become stocky by fall 

 and plants two feet high the tirst year are not uncom- 

 mon. These one-year-old plants are quite good enough 

 for hedging. Nurserymen wlio grow them for sale usu- 

 ally dig the plants in the fall, storing them away in a 

 cool cellar, the roots buried in sand. They are then 

 sorted into two grades, which compose first- and sec- 

 ond-class idants. At the time of grading, the tops are 

 chopped otf somewhat, leavin^r about six inches of 

 length only. This hts them for idautiug without more 

 cutting. 



The place where a hedge is desired should be well 

 cleared of all weeils. If cultivateil for a year in ad- 

 vance, so much the J.ietter. as it will make the keei^ing 

 flown of weeils a ]nuch easier task. 



There are two ways of idautim:; a hedge; viz., simj:le 

 row and double row. Tlie double row is made by set- 

 tin:.:; the idants nine inches iipart each way, the plants 

 in the sei'ond row comin;^ between those in the first 

 row, forming a zigzag line. The single row, however, 

 is giiod enrnigh, and is nmch easier to (uiltivate and 

 keep clear of weeds. In single rows set the plants six 

 inches apart. 



The soil need not be overrich for the Osage Orange. 

 The plant is a strong grower natnruUy. and s^iil in fair 

 ■condition will give a growrli more tractable to form a 

 good hedge than a rank growth from rich soil. 



When dug the Osage plants have very long roots, and 

 the ends of these may be idmpped off without disadvan- 

 tage. If the plants are ludd in bunches and the roots 

 ■chopped to an even length the setting will be an easy 

 task. The tops will have been already cut off if treated 

 in the way altove su^^gested. 



Beyond cultivation of the plants, nothimj: is required 

 the first year. By fall a good growth should have been 



made, ami towards spring this should lie cut hack, leav- 

 ing about six inches of the young growth. The sea.sou 

 following more care must be given to forming a hedge. 

 When in full growth, say in -Inly, shear off the tops of 

 the plants. This will cause the side shoots to develop; 

 and it is these side shoots which will form the base (.f 

 the hedgi--. Another li,i;ht trimming should be given 

 when growth is over for the season, to iiriug the plants 

 into a iiedge shape. Much the same work will he re- 

 quireil every year — a trimming when growth is in full 

 swing to make the' hedge bushy, and another later on to 

 shape it. 



The proper sh;i|ie f<.ir a hedge is the conical form, 

 tlniugh it may be tlat-sided or in any shape desired, 

 provided the upp^-r branches ]iever overla)i the lower. 



Of late years a system of plauliiig tlie (.)sage Orange 

 ditfering from the one described has been followed by 

 sf>me. fc>trong two-year-old plants are prorured and are 

 planted in a slanting position. A^ the new growth is 

 inade it rises in an upright way as usual, and this pi'o- 

 duces a lattice-like appearance of tiie liranches, and a 

 very strong hedge. It is certainly stronirer than a com- 

 mon hedge, and yet a common one pro(>ei'ly looked after 

 forms a defensive fence, meetiui,'' all requirements, and 

 costs not nearly as ]iiU(dj as the other. Si^e Hedfii's. 



Joseph Meehan. 



TRACHfiLIUM [Greek, tn'rhrJo.^, neck; from its 

 supposed efhcacy in diseases <.if the throatj. Cavijjaini- 

 Idcece. Throatwort. A genus of 4 or 5 species of 

 perennial herbs or low shrulis with usually somewhat 

 simple stems and terminal panicles of small blue 

 fiowers. The species are native to the Mediterranean 

 region of Europe. Calyx adnate; lobes ;". narrow; co- 

 rolla narrowly tubular; stamens free from thecorolhi: 

 i:'apsule nearly globose: seeds snudl. 



casruleum, Linn. A half-hardy biennial or perennial, 

 l-o ft. high: Ivs. ovate, acuminate, unequally serrate: 

 lis. blue or wliite, in dense, terminal cymes, in late 

 summer. Shadeil places in S. Europe. B.R. 1 :72. 

 On. 28, p. 181; 47. p. ;;();i; r,l, p. 84.— An attractive late- 

 flowering perennial suited to culture as an annual. 

 According to Gn. 28. jj. 181, the species is fairly hardy 

 ill England, but young plants are more floriferous than 

 old ones. Seed may be sown m March. The plant is 

 easily propagated by cuttings. According to Gn. 47, 

 p. 303, plants from cuttings are dwarfer than seedlings. 



F. W. Barclay. 



TRACHELOSPfiRMUM (Greek, referring to the fact 

 that the seed has a neck). Apoci/nace'e. Trachelosper- 

 mum is a genus of 8 species of climbing shrubs native 

 to eastern Asia and Malaya. They have opposite Ivs. 

 and white or purplish lis. in lax cymes. Generic char- 

 acters: calyx 5-]>arted, glandular or scaly within: co- 

 rolla salver-shaped; mouth constricted; lobes oblique, 

 overlapping to the right, twisted to the left: stamens 

 inserted above the middle of the tube; anthers conniv- 

 ing over and adhering to the stigma; cells spurred at 

 the base: disk annular or of oblong glands: carpels 2, 

 distinct, many-ovuled. 



T. j'isniiiioides, the Star JAsmxE, is a tender, 

 evergreen, shrubbv climber from China, witlj fragrant, 

 white, .".-lolied flowers. It is a favorite in the South, 

 where it is grown out of doors and known as the "Con- 

 federate dessamine." In northern conservatories it is 

 generally known under its synonym, Rhynchospermuni. 

 Handsome specimens may be grown in large tubs, mak- 

 ing dense bushes 3 or 4 ft. high and as much in diame- 

 ter. In I\[av such specimens are covered with flowers 

 and fill a greenliouse with their delightful fragrance. 

 The blossoms are about an inch aci'oss, 5 or G in a clus- 

 ter, pendulous, and of a very spirited appearance, which 

 is largely due to the manner in which the 5 wavy-mar- 

 gined petals (or rather corolla-lobes) are rolled back. 

 See Pig. 2.')37. 



"Rhynchospernmm" is a most satisfactory greeuhouse 

 shrub "for a general collection. It requires no special 

 treatment, except that the plants should be kept on the 

 dry side during the winter. 



it requires several years to work up a good-sized 

 specimen. Young plants shoubl lie given warndiou.«e 

 treatment and encouraged to grow. Large, well-estab- 

 lished specimens thrive in a ooolhouse. During sum- 



