1830 



TRAXSPLAXTIXG 



TRANSPLAN'J'IXG 



Transplanting Large Trees ( Phiti' XLIII). — The prin- 

 ciples uf trau^plautiuLC lar^-e nr small trues are the 

 same, exceptin^j: as rei;"ar(ls the nieehaaics of transpor- 

 tation. Types of raaeiiini ry f^lr moving deciduous trees 

 maybe classified as fi.lli.ws: 



The most primitive device is a two-wheeled .-art witJi 

 a pole. The tree is duu^ and the cart is seciin-d tu it 

 with the trunk restin:^ in a notch in the axle or liolster. 



2546. Moving a tree in winter, with a large 

 ball of frozen earth. 



and the pole lashed ui) among the branches. Tlie tree 

 is pulled over and drai^ged root foremost. 



In a moditication of the above, a platform under the 

 ball connects the rear axle, bearing the tree, with the 

 front axle. Of this type are the Hall, Estes, Santimer, 

 Rutherford ami other patents. In nne form the tree is 

 'oatled top fnremo-.t, and liy means id' a turu-tidih- alxjve 



i" 



:.t' 



n. TlirsP nia- 

 aiid roots, 7 to ft. 

 n the >idi' in'xr to the platform, 

 in upi-i,>ihr }H»sition, there are 

 (nn.-ks with two high perches. 

 >v a sei.-rii.n of the axle is re- 

 k between tlie |:ierehes. Tliis 

 ; ;i1mi a similar tnie in which 

 idly be>iile the axle nf a two- 

 le horse. When carried verti- 

 eleetric wires and the tops 

 re iiijureil by tlie platform 

 carry a spread 



wit 



the rear axle, swumr 

 chines usually carry a 

 in diameter, cut sh<>rt< 



For moviiiL,^ trees i 

 low platform trucks, a 

 In the latter, one pen 

 moved to admit the ti' 

 form is u-ed in En'-dn 

 the tree is ^wun:;: vei 

 wheeled cart drawn bv 

 cally. the toj- interfere 

 of other trees, and the 

 or other su|>port. It is not praciiral 

 of 30 or iO ft. of roots beiwcon tin- wheels. 



House-mover's rif;-giiiL^- is adapted to moving trees for 

 short di^lances. bnt is so slow that the fine feeding 

 roots outside The reniral ball of earth are likely to dry 

 out, and get broken by the work. 



Trees are carried liorizontally wilh the trutik re-tin^r 

 on two benches on a low tritck. The tree mav be tipped 

 over on the l)i>iie|i(:.s hy tackle, or loaded and unlotided 

 by derrick. The derriek letr^ usuallv interfere with the 

 full circle of v>hA<. and as the derrick has to lie set up 

 twit'p for M;,r|i tree itc^ved. the operation is slow, and, 

 with the n-e,- ~\vimxini,' in midair, somewhat dangerous. 

 For movin,^- trees a few f eei , -., derri.-k mav be used, 

 with or without small wheels in the iiase of the derrick 

 legii. Many kinds of machiiMs niav be used, i.ut in 

 order to make thjs -lisr-ussion concrete, the foHowinij: 

 account has reference to the device sljowii in Phnte 

 XLIH. Other successful movini;- operatiens are shown 

 in Figs. 251-7, 2.348. 



For operating the mover shown in Plate XEIII, the 

 tree, of say U-2G in. diameter of trunk, is dug by 

 starting a circular trench with a diameter of ;;ii-4.(l ft. 

 An under eut is made beneath the roots with a light 

 prospecting pick, and tlie soil picked out and raved 

 down with a spading fork or picking rod, the points of 



which are rounded to avoid cutting otf the roots, The 

 loose dirt is shoveled out of the botlom uf the trench. 

 The roots, as uncovered, are tied in bundles with lath 

 yarn and bent up, out of the way of the diggers. See 

 Fii^:. 2.")4:9. If the roots are to be out of the ground over 

 one ilay in dry weather the bundles may l:»e wrapjxd in 

 clay nuul. (Janip moss and straw, or l)urlap. When the 

 digging has i)r(^gressed to within 4 to 8 ft. of the center 

 the tree is slightly tipped over to loosen the central 

 ■ball, which cleaves from the subsoil near the extremi- 

 ties of the downward roots. On sand or hard-pan sub- 

 soil this is at a depth of 2 to ,5 feet. In deep soil it may 

 be necessary to cut some downward roots. A ball of 

 earth is left in the center from 5 to 12 ft. in diameter, 

 or as heavy as can be drawn by four to eight horses. 

 This ball is not essential with deciduous trees, hut it is 

 easier to leave it than to remove and replace the soil. 

 With fine-rooted trees like the red maple, it is difficult 

 to pick out the soil, while with coarse-rooted trees, like 

 ihe beech, in gravelly soil, the ball drops to pieces. 



For loading, the cradle which is pivoted above or 

 back of the axle is swung over to the tree, the trunk 

 having first been wrapped with cushions and slats. The 

 trunk is clamped to the cradle by chains and screws 

 without injuring the bark. By means of a screw 9 ft. 

 long operated by a ratchet lever or hand-brake wheel, 

 the cradle lifts the tree from the hole and swings it 

 over in a horizontal position. Pulling in the same direc- 

 tion, by tackle fastened in the top of the tree, aids the 

 work of the screw. 



After the tree is loa<led, the roots on the underside 

 of the axle are tied up to the perches. The front wheels 

 are on pivots, therefore the roots are not broken by the 

 swinging of the axle. The roots are drawn aside to put 

 in the pole and driver's seat. Planks are placed under 

 tin- wheels, and the mover is pulled out of the hole by 



tackle. 



The hole to receive the tree is prepared with a layer 

 of soft nuid in tlie bottom, wliich partly fills the crev- 

 ices as the tree is lowered into it. The weight of the 

 tree is not alh-wed to rest upon and crush tlie down- 

 ward roots, Init is supi">orted liy the mover until fine 

 earth is packed in. Soil is worked down between the 

 I'oots in the tVirm of mud hy means cf a stream of 

 \\"ater and ])a(d\.ing sticks. One man shoveling, two or 

 three with packina- sticks, and one with hose is the 

 right operation until tlie center is made solid. The 

 packing sticks are 2 in. in diameter, G ft. long, and 

 pointed at one end and round at the other. The side 

 roots are next unwrapped and covered at their mdural 

 'lepth. 



W 



2547. A large tree removed Irom its place. The roots are 

 now to be wound in burlaps or other material. 



While the tree is horizontal, it may be most conveB- 

 iently pruned. Th outside should be cut back 1 to 3 

 ft., cutting to ,T crotch or bud, atid the reraaining twigs 

 thinned out nbout one-third. Hardwood trees and trees 

 with few roots need the most severe pruning. 



