TRICYRTIS 



TRIFOLIUM 



1851 



in •niiich it is tlie only grims with ii st-ptioidal capsule. 

 JUoinii;raiilifd iu Latin liv .1. (i. Malier in Jonrn. Linn. 

 S.K'. 17:-li;::i (lb80). in this arr,.iint tlie Iv.s, of T. wiicio- 

 poihi arc said not to be strni-iduspin^-, tint in B.3I. 5.j.j.i 

 tliey are described and ti^-ured as steitt-elaspiviLr. 



AH tlie names yiven below are Anierioan trade names, 

 oxeept T.l'l'ira, Ft'nih>st( int and lalif'oUu. The \\-riter 

 has lieen tempted to inelnde these, partly beeause there 

 has been no aeeonnt in English of all the specirs, Init 

 chietly beeanse they are desirable plants likely to come 

 into oultivatiou. 



Ill,/ . 



A. T!t1Sf ff JVS. tint stilll-rlil 

 AA. Btixe of Irs. cliixjiiiiil I III- si, -III. 



B. Stt'm piliisCy icilli si'i-, iuU ii,j Juiirs. 



BE. stem not pyoHiiiit iitlii ]i,i iri/. pn- 



bi'i-ifloiis or roi-i/ stii/litli/ jiilosc. 



c. Fts. yrlloir. ini'spot/id 



o.\ Fls. spoit,.!. not iiiltoio. 



D, ^j.'ots ratlu r lan/r 



I'D. S/iots 111 ill utf. 



E. Stiflo o.s- loiifi OS tin: stiijiiios. 

 EE. St [lie ha It OS hnoj os sliijiiios. 



1. Formosana 



'J. hirta 



Ii. tlava 



4. piloaa 



."). latiSolia 



macropoda 



Formosana, Baker. Steitt tlexuons, 1 ft. high; Ivs. 

 sessile, oblaneeolate. wedge-shaped at the base: tis. few 

 in a las corymb, whitish purple, scarcely spotted. For- 

 mosa. —Cniiiue Ijy reason of its Ivs. not being stem- 

 clasping. 



hirta, Hook. [T. Jopihiiro , Miq.). Fig. 2,3(19. (stem 

 1-:; ft. high, everywhere clad with soft, whitish, spread- 

 ing hairs: lis. 6-15, racemose or subcorymbose, whitish, 

 the outer segments covered with rather large purple 

 spots. Wide-spread iiL the woods of Japan. B.M. 

 53.55. Gn. 30, p, 431; 49:lnG2. V. 12:204.- Var. nigra, 

 Hort. (T. ii'igra, Hort,), has black instead of purple 

 spots. Gn. 49:1062, A form with variegated Ivs. was 

 once offered V'V Pitcher lV IVfanda. 



3569. Tricyrtis hirta ( < ' 3) ■ 



flava, Maxim. Stem dwarf: Ivs. oblong- lanceolate: 

 fls. racemose, yellow, not spotted. Seen by Masimo- 

 wicz in the gardens of Yedo only. 



pilosa, Wall. Stem 2-4 ft. high, very slightly pilose: 

 Ivs. oblong: fis. numerous, loosely corymbose, whitish, 

 with large purple spots; style half as long as the stig- 

 mas, Himalayas, 5,000-6,000 ft. B.M, 4955 (perianth- 

 segments narrow, oblong), F.S. 12:1219, 



latiffilia, Maxim. Stem glabrous, flexuous, 2-3 ft. 

 high: Ivs. broadly oblong or the uppermost ovate: Hs. 

 few in a terminal cor>'nd), whitisli, wilh minute purple 

 syiots; style as long as the stigmas. Japan. 



macr6poda, Miquel. Stem 2-3 ft. high, puberulons 

 :dM.ve: i\"s. oblong: tIs. in a biosc curyndi, whitish jiur- 

 lile, with minute purple spots: slyle half as long as the 

 stignuis. Bloiinis in June and -hily, according to J. B. 

 Kcdh.o-. Ja]);ni, t'hina. B.I\I. 6544 ( segtnents broadly 

 ovate, <h'ciiledl>' yellow, spotted red and veined red 

 near tips). — In F.S. IS: 1K20 is ligured a plant with ses- 

 sile Ivs. slriated with white, and no tls., whiidi he refers 

 to T. tiiooropoilii. Tllis was sent out by Van Houtte as 

 T. hirsitto, but it is a glabrous pdant and probably h.tst 

 to cultivation. 



T. ijraiidifrora, Hort., should be conjpared with T. hirta, var. 

 nigra. It is a name scari'ely kuLOvn to l>ot;my. Elhvanger i; 

 B.irry saj' it has Orchid-Iike, fragrant fls. In Oct- and Xov. 

 (Baker snys the genns has no fra-r.aat Hs.) Krelage says that 

 T. grauiliHora has white tls. mottled with lilaek, y^7, JJ 



TEIENTALIS (Latin for the third of a foot; refer- 

 ring to the height of thepdunt). Priinulocea'. Star 

 Flower. CHn_a<\\'EEL'-WiNTERr;KEEN. A genus of two 

 species ctf low, glabrous, hardy pierennial herbs; stems 

 sintple, with small scales on leaves below aitd a whorl- 

 like cUister of larger, nearly sessile leaves at the sum- 

 mit, from the axils of which in spiring the star-liko 

 white or pink flowers are borne singly on slender pe- 

 duncles. Sonietimes grown iu wild garden borders 



A. Los. ariiniinofi' at liotli euds. 



Americana, Pursh. Stem naked below, 5-9-lvd. at the 

 summit: Ivs. lanceolate : divisions of the white corolla 

 hnelv acuminate. Damp woods, Labirador to Va. V. 

 8:3S0. 



AA. Los. obtuse (acute hi var. latUoUo). 



Europaea, Linn. Stem either naked or with a few 

 scattered Ivs. below the cltister of obovate or lanceolate, 

 oblong, obtuse or abruptly somewhat pointed Ivs.: di- 

 visions of the white or pink corolla abruptly acuminate 

 or mucrrmate. Alaska, Eu. and Asia.— Var. drctica, 

 Ledel), Dwarf: Ivs. 1 in. long, decreasing below : corolla 

 white. \'ar. latiiolia, Torr. Stem naked below the clus- 

 ter of 4-7 ohhnrg-obovate, or oval, mostly acute Ivs.: 

 corolla white to rose-red. Woods, western California 

 to Vancouver's Island. p. VV. Barclay. 



TEIFOLITJM (name refers to the three leaflets), ic- 

 guiniiidsic. Clover. Trifolitim is a large genus, com- 

 prising between 200 and 300 species, most abundant iu 

 the north temperate zone. They are low herbs, with 

 digitately 3-foliolate (rarely 5-7-foliolate) Ivs., stipules 

 adnate to the base of the petiole, and s]nall papiliona- 

 ceous flowers mostly in dense terminal heads or spikes. 

 The calyx is 5-toothed, the 2 upper teeth sometimes 

 connate; petals 5, mostly withering rather than falling, 

 more or less adnate to the base of the stamen-tube; 

 stamens 9 and 1: ovary small, ripening into a little 

 few-seeiled, mostly indehiscent pod. The flowers are 

 usually in shades of red and running into white, rarely 

 yellow. 



The Clovers are very important agricultural plants, 

 hut they have little distinctly horticultural value except 

 as cover-crops and green manures. See Ctovery p. 337. 

 For the role of Clov'ers as nitrogen-fixers, see Legumes, 

 p. 897. The species described below are offered mostly 

 as forage plants. Many Clovers are perennial, although 

 they are of relatively short life, so that frequent resow- 

 ing"is necessary if plants are to be kept in robust con- 

 dition. Some of the species are annual, and these tend 

 to become weeds. All are propagated readily by means 

 of seeds; but as the seeds are snnill and oily, they may 

 not germinate well in dry, hot soils. Three annual yel- 

 low-flowered species are weeds in some parts, particu- 

 larlv in the East, where they have been introduced from 

 Euroj>e; T. agrarium, Linn., Yellow or Hop Clover, 

 with oblong-obovate sessile Ifts, ; T. proeiinibeiis, Linn., 

 Low Flop Clover, more spreading, Itts. obovate and the 

 terminal one stalked; T. cliibium, Sibth., with Ifts. 

 truncate or emarginate at apex and the terminal one 

 stalked. A silky-pubescent white-fld. annual species, 

 from Europe, t. arvense, Linn., is the Rabbit-foot 



