1918 



VERMONT 



VERNONIA 



Y O Pv K ^ 



2656. Outline of Vermont. 



Truck sardeninp: is practiced, of course, in the neigh- 

 Itorlinod of all the principal cities; but it caunot be said 



tn lie a well-nianai^ed business. Those crops which 

 Ki'i'w in special perfection are beans, potatoes, peas, 

 Ti>inatues, salsify and parsnips. Those which cannot 

 be grown, or which are, as a rule, unsuccessful, are 

 melons, okra, sweet potatoes, turnips and Lima beans. 

 Special crops which are sometimes grown in quantities 

 ftir i-xport are seed peas, white beans and onions. 



( »n account of the long, cold winters and the short, 

 rhin<ly days of that season, greenhouses are operated at 

 a great disadvantage. Tlie production of hothouse vege- 

 taliles is, therefore, very small, and florists find it diHi- 

 cnlt to grow roses and lilies, or even violets and carna- 

 tions, at a profit. 



The Vermont Horticultural Society was organized 

 Decembers, 189G. It is, therefore, a young, though an 

 active and useful society'. p_ j^_ WM'Gh 



VERNONIA (after Wm. Vernon, an English botanist 

 who traveled in North America). CoDipositcn. Iron- 

 weed. A genus of nearly 500 species of perennial herJ's 

 or rarely shrubs, with alternate, pinnately veined leaves 

 and usually purple or rose flowers borne in the follow- 

 ing species in terminal cymes. The genus is widely 

 scattered about the world, but is possibly most plentiful 

 in South America. The following species are native of 

 the United States, and are hai'dy perennial herbs of at- 

 tractive appearance, with rather large heads of purple 

 flowers in terminal clusters in late summer or early 

 fall. 



Heads not glomerate, several- to many-fid. : in"\'o]n('re 

 of dry or partly lierliaceous, nnn-li-imbricated l>ra.<;ts: 

 corolla regularly o-cleft into narrow lobes: akenes 



mostly 10-costate, with a truncate 

 apex and a cartilaginous, callous 

 base: pappus double (at least in 

 American species). Vernonias are 

 of easv culture in any good, rich 

 border, being easily propagated by 

 division. 



A. B'eads 50-70-flowered. 

 Arkans&na, DC. Stem 8-10 ft. 



high: Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 4—12 in. 

 long, alternate-acuminate; peduncles 

 not branched: involucre green, the 

 filiform tips often reddish. Plaini^, 

 j\Io.. Kan. to Texas. July-Sept. B. 

 B. 3:. 302. 



AA. Heads 15~40'fld. 



B. Lvs. narrowly linear. 

 c. Plant about 1 ft. 7}igh. 



Lindheimeri, Gray & Engelm. 

 Stem excessively leafy up to the in- 

 florescence: lvs. Po-3 in. long by 

 1-2 lines wide, with revolute mar- 

 gins: fls. in a corymbiform cvme. 

 July-Sept. Rocky hills, W. Texas. 



cc. Plant 2^ ft. Jiigli. 

 L6ttermam, Engelm. Stem fas- 

 tigiately and c y m o s e 1 y much 

 liranched at the summit: lvs. 2-4 

 in. long, only 1 line wide, margins 

 not revolute : fl. -heads numerous, 

 ^1 in. long, 10-U-fld. July-Sept. 

 Sandy soil, Arkansas. 



BB. Lvs. not narron-hf linear. 

 c. Brads of itiroliiere tipped irilh 

 .'^lender aivns. 

 Noveborac6nsis, Willd. Fig. 2(1.57. 

 Stem 3-6 ft.: lvs. oblong to oblong- 

 lanceolate, 3-9 in. long: heads in an 

 open cyme : involucre commonly 

 brownish or dark purplish : fis. 

 rarely white, usually in moist soil. 

 July-Sept. B.B. 3:'302.-The more 

 common species of the eastern 

 United States. 



CC. Bracts not aimed. 

 D. Plant fotnentose. 



Bdldwini, Torr. Stem 2-5 ft. high: 

 ovate-lauceolate, 4-8 in. long: bracts 

 acuminate, tips spreading or refiexed. 

 luost species, in July and 

 August. Prairies, east- 

 ern" Mo. to Tex. B.B. 

 3:302. 



DD. Plant gJahrnns. 

 E. Lvs. t]ii)i. 



altisaima, Nutt. Stem 

 .5-10 ft. high: lvs. veiny 

 lanceolate or lanceolate- 

 oblong, 4-12 in. long : 

 bracts obtuse or merely 

 mucronate-tipped, 

 closely appressed. Julv- 

 Sept. "Western Pa. to 

 111.. La. and Fla. B.B. 

 3:303. 



E. Brs. tliicl'ish . 



fascicul^ta, Mi cli x . 

 Stem 2-5 ft. high: lvs. 

 somewhat obscurely 

 veined, linear to oblong- 

 lanceolate, .3-1) in. long: 

 heads numerous and 

 crowded on the branches 

 of the cyme: bracts ob- 

 tuse or some of the upper mucronate-acute, closely ap- 

 pressed. Jnly-Sept. Ohio and Ky. to the Dakotas aud 

 south to Texas. B.B. 3:303. p_ "^^ Barclay. 



lvs. lanceolate to 



greenish acute or 



Fls. earlier than 



2657. Isolated specimen clump 

 of I r o n w e e d— Vernonia 



Noveboracensis. 



