1946 



VIOLET 



VIRGINIA 



manila paper bag and this into a serond hag. Attacli 

 each package to a string or wire so arruTigi.^*! as to allow 

 it to be lowered from the outside of the house into its 

 respective jar. Pour into each jar an amount of water 

 about equal to the Imlli of cyanide in the bag, add ci^ni- 

 raercial sulfuric acid until steam is evolved, then from 

 the outside lower the bags into the jars beneath. Fumi- 

 gate double varieties thirty minutes and single varieties 

 twenty minxites, after which ojkmi ventilators from out- 

 side, leaving them open at least sixty minutes before 

 entering the house (for full iiifoniiation, see (.'ircuhir 

 37, Dept. of Agric, Div. of Entoniol(i<,^y I. Aphides may 

 also be combated by using toltacro in sojiie one of its 

 many forms, but tobacco is liktly to weakm the leaves 

 and make them more liable to the attack of fungi, and 

 on this account is very objectionable. 



Red sidder [Ti't r'nuji-liHs tehiriits ) .—'V\\\^ pest live.s 

 on tlip under surfai-e of the leaves, and wlien present in 

 suflicient nuniJM-r causes consideralile damage. It is 

 wi<lely distriitute<I on a great variety of plants, and 

 when established in the Violet 

 house is most diflicult to com- 

 bat. It can be held in check, and 

 often the plants may be kept en- 

 tirely free from it. by frequent 

 syriTiging with clear water un- 

 der a pressure of 1*0 to 30 pounds 

 per square inch. Care must be 

 taken to syringe early in the 

 morning and on bright days. 

 so that the plants may dry off 

 before night. Neglect may be 

 the nu-ans of inducing disease. 



VIRGINIA CREEPER is Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 



VIRGINIA, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 2093. His- 

 torically Virginia liorticultnre began with the earliest 

 settlers, [dautings being made on Jamestown Island in 

 1G07. The London Company sent vines in 1G19 and 

 scions and trees in 1(522 which were rapidly dissemi- 

 nated, so that before 1700, orchards of considerable 

 size had been planted. As the settlers pushed west- 

 ward into tlie Piedmont section, favorable results with 

 the tree fruits became more common. In this section 

 Thomas Jefferson took an active interest in horticul- 

 ture, and from the vicinity of "Monticello," apples 

 first won their supremacy in the markets of the world. 



Virginia is separated into six main physical divisions 

 known as Tidewater, Middle Virginia, Piedmont, The 

 Valley, Blue Ridge and Appalachian. These are sec- 

 tions of varying width, extending northeast and south- 

 west through the state, with marked variations in soil, 

 altitude and climate. 



\ 



4- 



H 1 I ,.„.^.'5|^«.i, 



2693. Map of Vireinia. Showing the six regions of interest to farmer and fniit-grower. 



Eel worms, or nematodes (.1 iKjuiUula sp. ) . — This 

 causes swellings on tlje roots of the plants known as 

 root galls. Another species attacks the buds, causing 

 them to "go blind." There is no known method of ex- 

 terminating these pests, but their injurious effects may 

 be reduced to a minimum Ijy adopting the methods 

 recommended for controlling fungous diseases. 



(4;Ui tly {Di'p/osis cioUcohi ) ,\iolet sawtly {Ehrphii! na 

 Cini<fi.]i^ns}.<; ) , greenhouse leaf tier ( P]iliirfii}iia rnhi- 

 (-I'lli^) and several spf-i'ies of cutworms {Agrotis et al ). 

 — In some parts of the country the larvte of these in- 

 sects injure the plants to some extent by feeding on 

 the foliage. FumiAi:7\ting with hydrocytuiic acid gas is 

 the best means of conil>ating them. 



Slugs, snails, sow liutcs, etc. — lender certain condi- 

 tions these pests cbi consideralile damaice, especially to 

 the tiowers. They also can be controlled by the hydro- 

 cyanic acid gas treatment. p j-j Dorsett 



VIOLET, AFRICAN. SahifpauJla. V., Damask or 

 Dame's, is ffespm's fHufnuKilis. V.,Dog. \'i"l<i cnninf. 

 V , Dog-'s Tooth. Knitliroii'niin l)<'ii.^-< '<nns . V., Water. 

 See Jlothn'ia. 



VIPER GOURD. Trichosaufhf.'< Jinjuhm. 



VIPER'S BUGLOSS. See Echhiw. 



VIRGlLIA lutea. See Clinln/s/is ti »<■/<, ria. 



VIRGINIA COWSLIP or V. Lungwort = .)/cW.'>/,sw'<^ 



p}(J i»nn<f rioiilf.'^ . 



On-hard 'nuj.~Yi is in the larger fruits that Virginia 

 horticulture has won most renown. The present pro- 

 duction of apples is about 500,000 barrels, the bulk of 

 which is produced in The Valley and Piedmont sections. 

 Piedmont, Virginia, with a varying altitude of 500 lo 

 over 1,000 feet, and a soil ranging from dark red to 

 l)lack, is famous as the producer of tlie most perfect 

 type of Albemarle Pippin and Winesap apples. Situated 

 in mouTitain coves, and on hillsides in many instances 

 barely arable, these orchards enjoy specially favored 

 conditions, and yield almost fabulous returns, an in- 

 dividual tree having produced $100 worth of fruit in a 

 season though practically uncared for. In this section 

 the apple probably reaches its greatest development of 

 tree growth, with a maximum of 9 ft. 5 in. in circnni- 

 ference of trunk; 90 ft. spread of brandies, and a yield 

 of 130 bus. at one picking. The Valley leads in apple 

 production, and ben- the largest orchards are found with 

 40,000 or more tree's under one management. Limestone 

 in formation and with an altitude of from 500 to 2,500 

 feet, this section is admirably fidapted to fruit culture. It 

 grows York Imperial and many other ajiples to perfection. 



The Blue Ridge and Appalachian sections, with alti- 

 tudes of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet and rich limestone 

 soils, have been practically umleveloped horticulturally, 

 but so far as tested are a "field of rich promise. Among 

 the cultivated fruits of Virginia the apple takes lirst 

 rank. Early May. Red Juno." Early Harvest and Yellow 

 Transparent as the leading lirst earlies, open the sea- 

 son the latter part of June and carry the season into 

 July, when the su<-eessioB is taken up'by Sweet Bough, 



