W'AKDIAN CASES 



WASHlXi.iTON 



10G3 



Th. 



tirst 



tiux', moisture ami atini's]ih.' 



U-^i'il ill t:^^.■t.■lllK^U^-'S fi>r ij:rt.>\\ 



iv^v |.)lants and ntlier small s[). 

 moist ami close atuios]^li,_Te. 

 18;Ui by N. B. Ward, win. wrv. 

 the Growth of Plants in Cb 

 lished ut Loudon in 1841!. 



WARCZEWICZELLA. S.. 



gopvtaliftii . 



WARREA (named for Frede 

 \Varre, who discovered the 

 species iu Brazil). Orchuh'ircr . 

 Lvs. few. long, plicate: scape tall. 

 bracted. bearing a raceme of trnni- 

 ual showy fls. : sepals and p.-tals 

 sul>equal. eonoave, the lateral si - 

 pals united witli the liase id' tlii' 

 colmun : labellum nnt spurreil. 

 united with the base of the column, 

 undivided, concave, with loui;ritnd- 

 inal ridges: column without ap- 

 pendages: pollinia 4, with a luir- 

 row stipe. Plants with the habit 

 of small forms of Pliains Tlicv 

 require the same treatment as that 

 gtnus. 



bidentata, Lindl. ( IT. Limh ui- 

 liiia, Heuf.l. Lal)ellum rt-gular, 

 slit at the end: ridgfs convex, the 

 central ones thinner and deeper: 

 bracts oue-fourth as lorig as the 

 pedicels. Sept, Vtnezuela and 

 Colombia. A. F. G:lj.">.".. 



ir. ojanrij. Limll. ^Aganisia c-yanea. 

 Hi£iNKi-;-H Hasselbrixk. 



mi lar casi^s are also 

 ny ferns, dwarf fnli- 

 s that ro(|iiire a \erv 



b; 



'■>nig 



invented , 

 ■ a bouk of il.") j.age. 

 ely Ulazed Cases." 



Zif 



nmt 

 'On 



HORTICUL- 



Thf srar.. uf 



WASHINGTON, 

 TURE IN. Fig. J7i: 

 Washington may be said to h 

 two distinct climates, that to 

 the west of the Cascades, and 

 that to the east of this range of 

 raotintaius. The climate of 

 western Washington may. gen- 

 erally speaking, be said to be 

 very temperate. There are no 

 very great variations iu temper- 

 ature. The summers are cool, 

 and in some parts somewhat 

 dry. The winters are warm, fv 

 at least not c<ild. In some 

 parts of western Washington 

 the rainfall is abuiulant, 

 amountijiir to 70 or SO inches; 

 in other parts the annual rain- 

 fall does not exceed 2o inches. 

 Those portions of western 

 Washington B'lt bounded un 

 the west by the r)lympir nionn- 

 tains are subject to a mmdi 

 greater rainfall than those parts 

 lying immediately east of these 

 mountains. Thus, parts of Jef- 

 ferson county and of Island 

 county are comparatividy dry, 

 even though on what is known as t 

 mountains. The whole of western W 



forest; yet there are numerous valh-ys in which in-es 

 do not grow. The natural forest growth is coniferous, 

 except along the watercotirses, where there is a consid- 

 erable growth of deciduous trees, sucli as alder, poplar, 

 U-illow, etc. In a few ]daces scattering specimens of 

 oak, ash and ma]de are found. Vast areas of land 

 have been reclaimed from the sea, or at least from 

 Pnget Sound, and these tide-lands are amongst the 

 best in the state. The summers are comparatively 

 briglit and dry, the winters wet and almost sunless. 



In eastern Washington a wholly ditlferent condition 

 exists. The summers are bright, the temperature hi;:b, 

 and during the months of June, July and August prac- 



tically rainless. Eastern Washingtur 

 rainfall. Those portiuns immediatciy east nf {\\, 

 cade range have a very scanty rainfaU, imt as we ju-ar 

 the i^aslern borders of the sfate the rainfall li-'cmm-s 

 I^M-eater. In and near the Yakima valley, the raiufall is 

 from -[-V, in. per annum. As we go east the rainfall be- 

 comes greater, until at the eastern 

 bordei-s of tile state it is about ■J2 

 inches, (juite snilicient in this di- 

 nnite to ])rodm'e good crojjs. AI- 

 tilnde has a marked inllueni'c on 

 the climate of eastern Wasbin.Lcton. 

 In the valleys of the Columbia and 

 Snake rivers, from -loO to fiOO feet 

 above seadev(d. the summers are 

 hitiLC and hot, and in these portions 

 severe frosts are not f(dt. In these 

 low valh-ys the teiuL-rer fruits 

 ^rcw to perfection, but of these 

 there are only a few tl ion sand 

 acres. There are two large val- 

 leys: viz.. the Walla Walla and the 

 Yakima, each having an altitude 

 of about 1,000 feet, where the win- 

 ters are more severe, and where 

 fruit trees often sutler in Ijud and 

 twig, and where vegetation is at a 

 standstill for a longer period in 

 winter than in the lower alritiides. 

 All lands in eastern Washinij,'ton al 

 a lower altitude than ],.0OU feet 

 must be irrigated to produce crops. 

 The larger p'trtiou of eastern 

 Washington, and especially that 

 bordering on Idaho, is high, ranu,-- 

 iug from 1,800 to 2,000 feet alx.ive 

 the sea. It is in these hii^h pi.r- 

 tions that there is rainfall sut^i- 

 (dent to raise good crops without 

 irrigation. 



The whole state is rolling. The 

 ( 'ascade range cuts the state into 

 two very unequal parts, tlje 

 larger part lying to the east. 

 The watercourses, for the 

 most part, run in deep i-ahons, 

 and the table-himls are any- 

 thing but level. The soil varies 

 from the deep basalt clay hjams 

 to the volcanic ash, and to the 

 sand and silica soils id' the 

 river bottoms. T h e lni,dier 

 lands grow the hardy fruits to 

 perfection; the river boitmns 

 grow the peach, a])ricot and the 

 grape, while midway bei ween 

 these is grown a great ^'ariety 

 of fruits, garden itrodu<-ts and 

 alfalfa. The best wheat hmds 

 are the heavy clay soils at an 

 altitude of about 2".000 feet. 



Fruits. -The state of Wash- 

 ington is fast coinni-- lo the 



frrnit in fruit pr* 



rtn. 



27H. 



Bacteriosis of the Walnut, as shov^-n on fruit i 

 and leaves. See page lUGl. 



Wl 



itv 



the wet ^ 



gto 



d' th 



e planted to fruits, mostly npjdes ;mii1 ] 



t county, on the west of the ranij:e, is the 



> jn'oducer. T)ie Puyallup valley, close 



Sotmd, is the leading small -fruit sp 



whole state is adapted to many of tl 



Idiero 

 w itlijn ii ^ brir- 

 aiT(^s of fruit, 

 on the e;i^1ern 

 n a--e of S.IMiQ 

 runes. ( lark 

 greatest jirune 

 to the Pnget 

 ction. but the 

 e fruits. The 



counties producing the largest amount of frtiit are 

 Walla ^Valla, Yakima, Whitman. Clark. Spokane and 

 Kittitass. The islands of Whidbey and Orcas are fa- 

 mous ffir their fruits. Of the 80,000 acres in fruit now 

 growing within the state, 25,000 acres are in prunes, 

 mostly Italian, 40,000 in apples, and the remainder in 

 plums, (dierries and grapes. 



Pr}nii\s. —The Italian prune {Fellenberg plum) is 

 planted in great numbers on both sides of the state. 

 Clark county has not less than 5,000 acres planted to 



