WiriANDIA 



doiilily eremite margins and lax. terininal, ryiiK.se pani- 

 cles, the brauehes oi ■vvliieli arc l-sicled spikes nr ra- 

 cemes: calyx- sef^ments linear: cornlla lunailly liell- 

 sliaped.witb a short tube and 5 spreadini.' Idhes; stamens 

 f). usually exserted: styles 2, distinel at base: capsule 

 2-valved: seeds small and numerous, pitted-wriukled. 



The species of "Wiijandia are endlessly confused in 

 current reference books, as well as in the trade, and 

 Index Kewensis rcHects the general perplexity. The 

 following account is b.'ised upon Andre's revision of the 

 genus in R.H. 18l'il:::7l, with an ini|)ortaiit cdiange in 

 the name of one spe.des which rei|Uires a somewhat 

 tedious exphmation. In respect to IT. iirfiis. Andre 

 follows the previous revision by (_'lioisy in DC. Prod. 

 10:184. The name Wii/n inli,i iirn/.': was flrst used by 

 Kunth, who applied it to a Jlexican plant. Before this, 

 however, another plant of the same family but a native 

 of Peru had been called liijih-oh'a iirnis. Now when 

 Choisy came to monogra]ih the whole family he trans- 

 ferred Hiirlrolea uri'iix to the genu.s Wigandia and called 

 it Wigaitdia uren^. Choisy. He, therefore, had to in- 

 vent a new name for the ]Mexii-an |d;int, and this he 

 called WiquudlLl KiniUn). Choisy's a<dioii would be 

 approved by the radical schocd cd' Aniei-ican botanists, 

 but not by the international rules of nomenclature 

 known as the Paris Code of bSGT. Hence it is necessary 

 to give the Peruvian plant a new name, anil it is here 

 called ir. Peru L-/(ni>i . The "common" or English names 

 .suggested below niav lie convenient in explaining the 

 difficulties of the genus. (Kuuth = HBK.) 



A. C"Ior „f ns. lilac .))■ rioji-t. 



B. ,Spikes 1-xided bill J^ninked, the 

 f/s. poilifiiii/ ill tivii di yectioiis. 



c. Plant iritli nistii liiih-A macrophylla 



oe\ Plant a-illmiit nixli/ hairs Peruviana 



EB. SpiJ;es l^sidid hut nut S-ra ii l:,'d , 

 fjie fl.s. at! ji'ii liti nij in one diree- 

 tion. 



c. Capsule dense!}/ hair}/ urens 



00. Capsnle stii/litlij lina nj • palieS' 



cent Caracasana 



.\.\. Color of t'!s. }ri ne-red Vigieri 



macrophylla, Cham. & Schlecht. Large-leaved 

 WiiiANiiiA. Tender Mexican perennial plant, attaining 

 a height of 6 ft. or more in a season when treated as a 

 subtropiical beilding ])lant ; plant covered with two 

 kinds of hairs, long white, stiff, spreading, pirickly ones 

 and short rusty hairs: only the lower surface of Ivs. 

 covered with a thick, white felt ; spikes 1-sided, 2- 

 ranked; fls. violet, with a wdnte tube. R.H. 1861 :H71.— 

 The above is Andre's conception of the species, but 

 some writers would make it a variety of W. ureas, 

 Kunth. The Ivs. attain nearly 3 ft. in length under per- 

 fect conditions. Lvs. oval-elliptic, base more or less 

 heart-shaped. 



Peruviana ( W. arens, Choisy, not Kunth. ). Peruvian 

 WiOAxrii.v. Tender Peruvian subshriib, distinguished 

 Ijy the absence of rusty hairs and by the 2-ranked spikes 

 of violet flowers. Very hispid with long, stiff, spread- 

 ing hairs: lvs. 5-6 in. long in their native place, ovate- 

 cordate, covered with a wdiite felt lielow. R.H. 1SG7, p. 

 470 (same as N. 4:208; doubtful). 



tirens, Kunth, not Choisy tir. Kimthii, Choisy). 

 Mexu'a.x "Wigandia. Tender Mexican subshrub, distin- 

 guished by its 1-sideil but not 2-rauked spikes of violet 

 fls, and densely hairy capsule. Very hispid: Ivs. ovate- 

 cordate, pilose on both sides, rusty hairy above. 



Caracasina, Kunth. Venezuelan Wigandia. Pig. 

 2722. Tender Venezuelan subshrub, distinguished by 

 its 1-sided but not 2-ranked spikes which are revolute 

 at the apex and by the capsule which is men ly hoary- 

 pubescent. Hairy: lvs. elliptic-cordate, liaiiy on both 

 sides, rustv-hairy' above: fls. pale violet or lilac. B.JK 

 4575 (adapted in'Fig. 2722). B.R. 23:l'.liHi. F.S. 8:7,-5 

 (page 17). Gn. 4, p. .50.'!; 8, p. 198. R.H. 18.59, p. 6:5:i. 

 (The flrst three pictures are authentic. -The lvs. are 

 longer and more acute than those of W. urens. It 

 is probable that the plants cult, under this name are 

 really W. macroph//lla . AndriS found it so in 1861, and 

 the trade is conservative about changing names. 



WILDER 



1975 



Vigieri, Carr. Imiierfi-ctly described species of un- 

 known nativity. 1 'arrirre iiier.d\- said it was a silvery 

 lil:int instead of somber and gli'dinoiis ■•like IT. Cani- 

 easana " (by which he j.erbaps meant 11'. tnaerophylla) . 

 N'iidiolson says the fls. are lilac-i)lue, passing through 

 vinous red to f;iwn-color before fading. In the Anii-ri- 

 can trade tlio red cobir of the fls. is considered distinc- 



tive. N. 4:200. 



W. M. 



WIKSTKCEMIA (after a'Swedish botanist). Tht/me- 

 ia'ileea . II'. jiaiieitt.ira is oflx-red liy iiii]iorters of ,J:ipa. 

 nese plants. "Prom its Ijark the ceb-brated Japanese 

 copying paper is niadi-." Wikslneniia is a genus of 

 about 2(1 species ,jf ti'ees or shrulis native to tropical 

 and eastern Asia, Australia and the Paciflc islands. 

 Lvs. opposite, rarely alternate: fls. hermaphrodite, in 

 terininal racemes or spikes; periaiitb-tulie long; lolics 

 4, s|ireadilig; stanic-ns 8, in 2 series; tilaments short; 

 disc of 1-1 scales: ovary villous, Moculed; style short; 

 slignia large, globose: fr. fleshy and naked or more or 

 less included in the base of the perianih. 



can^scens, Meissn. I W. pan.eiflara , Franch. & Sav.). 

 Siiiall shrub, 1-.'! ft. high: lvs. l-i! in. long, thin, alter- 

 ii:de anil opjiosite, oblong-Ianceohite : iii-rianth 3-4 lines 

 long: fr. silky. Himalayas, Ceylon, (.'liina. 



WILDEE, MARSHALL PINCKNEY (Plate XLI), 

 distinguished amateur pomologist and patron of horti- 

 culture, died at his home near Boston, Dec. 16, 1886, in 

 his eighty-ninth year. He was bm-n at Rindge. N. H., 

 Sept. 22, 1798. His inherited love of country life soon 

 showed itself, and at the age of sixteen he chose farm 

 work in preference to a college course. At twenty-seven 

 he moved to Boston, where he was long known as a pros- 

 perous merchant and pjresident of many societies and 

 institutions. His active interest in horticulture may be 

 dated from 1832, when he purchased a suburban home at 

 Dorchester, where he lived for more than half a cen- 

 tury. His pear orchard at one time contained 2,5110 

 trees, representing 800 varieties. During his life he 

 tested 1,200 kinds of pears and in 187.'! he exhibited 404 

 varieties. He produced several new pears. In 1844 he 

 introduced the Anjou. He imported many fruits and 

 flowers new to America, and from 18e.'{ to the end of his 

 life he was constantly contributing to the society exhibi- 

 tions the products of his garden. Pie carried a camel's 

 hair brush in his pocket and was always hybridizing 

 plants. 



He delighted in floriculture, and his camellia collec- 

 tion, compirising at one time 300 ^■arieties, was the best 

 in America. He raised many new kinds of camellias, 

 though he lost 500 seedlings liy fire. His Ca/iieHia 

 Wiliien he sold to florists for $1,000. He also had a 

 notable collection of azaleas. As early as 1834 he ]'ro- 

 duced a doulde California popipiy. Among the many 

 floral novelties which he was first to import, cultivate 

 or exhibit in America were Diervitla rosea (1851), 

 hardy kinds of ^\.ia!ea mollis (1874), Cissus discolor 

 (185-i), ''the harbinger of the infinite variety of orna- 

 mental-leaved plants now so generally cultivated and 

 admired," Cli'inatis eirnilea, xav. i/randi/'lora (1841), 

 Lilium. laneifatinni , v;ir. aUniin, the flrst of -Japanese 

 lilies. Gladiolus florilmndas (1836), and Oncidinnt 

 flexnosn ni (1837), a plant of which bore ninety-seven 

 fully expanded flo\\-ers and was the flrst orchid reported 

 at liny Anieric;in exhibition. The Marshall P. Wilder 

 rose makes his name familiar to a later generation. 



Wilder's greatest services to horticulture were in- 

 timately connected with the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society and the American Pomological Society. Of the 

 former he was a member for fifty-six years, and presi- 

 dent from 1841 to 1848. He was one of the founders of 

 the American Pomological Society, and with the excep- 

 tion of a single term was its president from its organi- 

 z;ition in 1848 until his death in Isxo. 



Wilder was an organizer. He is counted one of tlie 

 founders of the JIassachusetts Board of Agriculture 

 and of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and of 

 the United States Agricultural Soidety (18:52). Pic was 

 piresident of the last from its foundation until 1857. and 

 froni 1868 until his death he was president of the New 

 England Historic (-ieiiealogical Society. At twenty-six 

 he was a colonel, and in 1857, after declining the nomi- 



