1980 



WIND-BREAKS 



droujt^ht and heavy winds, bears close trimming, makes 

 a rapid and dense growth, and continues in bloom 

 almost throughout the year. 



When larger wind-breaks are required, to resist the 

 force of heavy and steady winds sweeping over the 



WINTER PROTECTION 

 WINDMILL FINGER GRASS. See Cliloris. 

 WINDOW GARDENING. See Houae Plants. 

 WINEBERRY. Enhns pJia-nicoIasius. 





2729. Wind-breaks running across the direction of the prevailine winds. 



interior plains through mountain passes, the manna 

 gum, J^ucalyptus vhniuaHs, is used with advantage; 

 this species suffers much less from strong wind than 

 the more tender bhie gum, Jj^ucitlijptKS Globulus, which 

 is used for the same purpose in the mure equable 

 climate of the Coast Range hills. Both the red gum, 

 Eucalyptus rostrata, and the Lombardy poplar, Populus 

 nigra, var. Italica, are used in the vineyard region near 

 Fresno, to check the force of the periodic north-winds. 

 Aruiulo JJona.i- is also frequently grown around vine- 

 yards, particularly in the immediate vicinity of water. 

 The olive, European walnut, fig and almond are fre- 

 quently planted for the outside row of an orchard of 

 deciduous fruit trees, to act as a partial wind-break. 



Arundo Donax makes a charming shelter-hedge for 

 a suburban garden, being light and graceful in appear- 

 ance and not too exclusive, while answering all neces- 

 sary purposes by providing a certain amount of privacy. 



Joseph Buett Davy. 



WINDFLOWER, J uprwup. 



WINTER ACONITE. Eranihis Ju/emalis. 



WINTER BERRY. Ilex verflciUato. 



WINTER CHERRY. Phi/salis Alkel-evgi. 



WINTER CRESS. liarharca . 



WINTER GARDEN. In England, a very large glass 

 structure suited for trees and plants that are not quite 

 hardy and require only a small amount of artificial heat 

 in winter. Winter gardens are especially adapted to 

 strong-growing plants from Australia and the Cape, as 

 acacias and araucarias. Himalayan rhododendrons, ca- 

 mellias and the hardier palms and tree ferns are also 

 favorite subjects. The term '^winter garden" is practi- 

 cally unknown in America. The word is sometimes used 

 as synonymous with glass-bouse or conservatory. 



WINTERGREEN. Oanllheria and Pyrola. 



WINTERGREEN, FLOWERING, 



folia. 



Pnhjfjala pavci- 



2730. Lavatera assurEentiflora. a native plant much used 



for low wind-breaks in Calilornia. 



WINTER PROTECTION, or preparing plants to with^ 

 stand the winter (Figs. 2731-2742). All plants are usu- 

 ally hardy in their own habitat, but many become tender 

 when removed to a colderclimate, requiring artificial pro- 

 tection. A permanent covering of snow furnishes ideal 

 protection, but unfortunately our American winters are 

 very changeable. Continued, steady cold is seldom in- 

 jurious, but the alternate freezing and thawing towards 

 spring are often fatal, the damage varying according as 

 the situation is wet or dry and the soil light or heavy. 

 For example, shallow-rooted plants, as Lohidia cardi- 

 tiaUs, will often be thrown out of the ground in clayey 

 soil. Such damage may be prevented by placiug sods 

 over the plants. Gaillardias will winter safely in light, 

 weil-drained suils with ordinary protection, but perish 

 if wet and lu-avy. The remarks in this paper are meant 

 to apply in tlie vicinity of Chicago. 



Winter covering intercepts the sun's rays and retards 

 premature activity. It is as essential "to keep in the 

 cold " duriny- temporary warm spells as it is to retard ex- 

 cessive depth of frost. More damage is generally doue 

 in February and Miirch than earlier. Roses and other 

 shruijs may be prppared for the winter any time from 

 the last half of November until well into December, 

 but anything of an herbaceous nature may be covered 

 much earlier. Where field mice are troublesome it is 

 well to defer covering until after a good freeze, so that 

 these nibblers may seek other winter quarters. Rabbits 

 are fond of the Japan quince, Spircea ]^an JFTouilci, 

 Eui'iniDiu^ nlatus and some, others, and often damage 

 nr-wiv pliiiilf'd material the first winter. When the 



