1996 



XANTHOXYLUM 



2757. Leaf of Prickly Ash. 

 Xanthoxylum Amcrica- 



num(X>^). 



Sliowing the stipules and 

 stipe] s in the form of spines. 



very particular as to soil and position. Prop, by seeds 

 and by suckers or root-cuttings. 



The genus contains about 140 syieeies in the tropical 

 and subtropical regions of both hemispheres, and a few 

 in tenij)erate regions. Trees 

 and shrubs, with mostly 

 prickly branches : most parts, 

 particularly the fruits, emit 

 a str<.»if^ aromatic odor when 

 bruised: Ivs. odd-pinnate, 3- 

 foliohite or rarely simple: fls. 

 dicecious or polygamous, 

 small, in cymes or panicles; 

 sepals, petals and stamens 3- 

 8, sepals often wanting; pis- 

 tils 3-5: fr. composed of 1-5 

 separate small dehiscent cap- 

 sules each with 1-2 shining 

 black seeds. Several species 

 are used medicinally. The 

 wood of some W. Indian spe- 

 cies and that of the Austra- 

 lian A'. hrncln/acfnifJniHt is 

 consiflered valnal)ie. T h e 

 fruits of A", pi peri i It))} are 

 used like pepper in Japan. 



Americanum, Mill. (A', frnx- 

 inen ill, W'llld. X. i-iimifldrioH, 

 Michx. ). Prickly Ash. Fig. 

 2757. Shrub or small tree, at- 

 taining 25 ft., with prickly 

 branches: Ifts. 5-11, opposite, 

 almost sessile, ovate, entire 

 or crenulate, dark green 

 above, lighter and pubescent 

 beneath, lK-2 in. long: fls. 

 small, greenish, in axillary 

 sessile cymes, appearing shortly before the Ivs, : seeds 

 Idack Quebec tu Xeb. and Va. B.B. 2:353. 



piperitum, DC. C h i ^' e s e or Japanese Pepper. 

 Bushy shrub, rarely small tree: branches with slender 

 prickles: Ifts. 11-13, narrow-elliptic to elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, serrulate, glabroris, dark green and lustrous above, 

 paler beneath, ■*4-l-^2 in- long: fls. in terminal, rather 

 dense, umbel-like corymbs. July, Aug. Japan, Corea. 



X. ailanthoides. Sieb. & Zncc. Tree, attaining 60 ft.: 

 branches with numerous short prickles: Ivs. 1-4 ft. long; Ifts. 

 oblong-ovate, glabrous, glaucous beneath, 3-6 in. long: tls. and 

 fr. in terminal corymbs. Japan. Handsome tree. — X. Bunped- 

 iiKin, ilaxim. Shrub, with stout, compressed prickles: Ivs. 

 prickly; Ifts. 7-11, o%'ate to ovatedanceolate, glabroiis, ^'^-ly^ 

 in. long: fls. and fr. in terminal corymbs. N. China. — X. Claim- 

 Ht'Tculis, Linn. (X. Oarobnianum, Lam.). Toothache-tree, 

 Pepper-wood. Small tree, attaining HO or occasionally 50 ft.: 

 Ifts;. 7-17, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath when young. 

 \-'l^ -2 in. long: tls. ;iiid fr, in tei*minat panicles. April, May. 

 S. Va. to Flji.an.l Tex. S.S. l:2d,—X. plaiuspimiw, Sieb. & 

 Zncc. vSbrub. witli stout, compressed sytines: Ifts. 3-,t, elliptic 

 to elliptic-l.HnceoIafe, serrulate, glabrous, 1-2 in. long: fls. and 

 fr. in small panic]e.s on short lateral branchlets. Japan.— X. 

 schini folium., Sieb. & Zucc. Shrub, with sparingly prickly 

 branches: Ifts. 13-10. elliptif-Iancerdate, crenate, emarginate 

 at the apex, ^-lb> in. long: fls. and fr. in large, terminal co- 

 rymbs. Japan. Alfred Rehder. 



XENIA. Tin- immediate influence of pollen-the 

 influence on the fruit that results directly from a 

 given pollination. 



XEKANTHEMUM (Greek, drif flower: it is one of the 

 "everlastings"). Co))ip6.siUf.\ There are four or Ave 

 sf)ecies of Xeranthemum, of whicli X. tDuiuum is one 

 of the oldest and best known of the "everlastings " or 

 inimortelles. They are inhabitants of the Mediterranean 

 region. They are annual erect herbs, densely pubescent 

 or tomentose. The heads are rayless, but the large in- 

 volucre scales are petal-like and persistent, giving the 

 plant its value as a subject for dry bouquets. Dnter flow- 

 ers few and sterile, inner ones fertile; receptacle chafl'y ; 

 involucral scales in many series, of various lengths, ghi- 

 brous; heads solitary on long naked peducles. 



The culture of Xeranthemum is very simple. Seeds 

 are usually sown in the open, where the plants are to 

 stand; but they may be started indoors and the seed- 

 lings transplanted. Hardy or half-hardy annuals. 



XERANTHEMUM 



6.nnuum, Linn. Fig. 2758. Annual, 2-3 ft. tall, erect, 

 white -tomentose : ivs. alternate, oblong- lanceolate, 

 acute, entire; beads purple, 1-13^ in. across, the longer 

 scales wide-spreading and ray-like. S. Europe. — Runs 

 into many varieties. Var. ligTildsum, Voss (A", phnts- 

 Kimnni and X. imperidle, Hort. ). A double or half- 



-^f^ 



2758. Xeranthemum annuum (X %). 



double form. Var. perligulbsum, Voss (A', t^itperhhsi- 

 )>n(m, Hort.), has very full double heads. In these and 

 the single types there are wliite-fld. (var. album), rose- 

 fld. {vav. 7-oxenm) and purple-fld. [viw. pnrpnreutn) va- 

 rieties. There are also violet-fld. forms. Var. midtiflb- 

 nim, Hort. (var. ccdh pactum) has a more compact and 



