2014 



ZIZYPHUS 



ZYGOPETALUM 



and none of the species is hardy north; the hardiest 

 seems to be Z. vnlyfiris, imt it is "tender north of Wash- 

 in<^ton, D. C. Most kinds have handsome foliage and 

 are well adapted fur pkmting in shrubberies in tlie 

 southern states and California. Tbey seem to thrive in 

 any well-drained soil. Prop, by seeds, by greenwood 

 cuttings under glass and by ruot-cuttings. A genus of 

 about 40 species distributed throu^rli the tropieal and 

 subtropical regions cd' both heniisplieres, allied to Pii- 

 litirus, but cliietiy distinguished liy the drupe-lilie fruit. 

 Shrubs with slender often prucuuibent branches, or 

 trees; stipules mostly transformed into sjiines, often 

 only one stipule spiny or one a straight and the other 

 a liooked spine: lis. 5-merous: ovary 2—4-, usually 2- 

 loculed; style usually 2 parted; fr. a subglobose to ob- 

 long drupe. Thr fruit of Z. Jitjiiba, rnlijuris and Z. 

 Z/'i/ns are eililjle and thv firsi named is much cult, in 

 China. 



Jujiiba, Lam. Tree, .jO-.^^O ft. higli: liranclies usually 

 prickly ; youii;^' lu'anchli-ts, petioles and intlorcse.ence 

 dL-nseiy rust\- tomuntuse: Ivs. broadly oval or ovate to 

 ol)lonL;'. olttusi.-, sometimes emarginate serrate or entire, 

 dark green and .^daljrous above, tawny or nearly white 

 tomentose benearii, \-'.i in. lung: ds. in short-stalked 

 many-rtd. axillary rymrs: fr. subglobose to oblong, 

 orange-red, ^:-:'4 in. lon^-. on a stalk about half its 

 length. iMarcb-June. S. Asia. Africa, Australia. Gn. 



i:.i. p. iiu. 



sativa, Cartn. (Z. nih/<)ris. Lam.). Common J lt.jube. 

 Shruli or small irei^. attaining iiO ft.: ])rickly or un- 

 armed: glabruus liranchlets often fascicled, slender and 

 having frequently the appearance of pinnate Ivs.: Ivs. 

 ovate to ovatr-lanccolate, acute or obtuse, oblique at 

 till-- basr, somrtiniL-s emarginale, serrulate, glalirmis. '^4- 

 2 in. I<mg: Hs. fascicled, in axillary cymes: fr. <.)Void to 

 oblong, dark red or almost black, y^-'U in. long, sliort- 

 stalked. IMarch-Jnne. S.Eu,.S.and E.Asia: natur- 

 alized in Ala. A.'t. ],Siil:7!l (as var. iix^rnu.^]. The Ju- 

 julie is somewhat planted in Florida ani.l California, al- 

 though it yet has no commercial rating ,is a fruit plant. 

 According to \Yickson. it was introduced into Caiit'nrnia 

 in liSTG by G. P. Rixforil, and is "fruiting regularly and 

 freely in several parts of the state." The fruits or Iter- 

 ries are ripe in N()vember and Dpcemher, and the plant 

 begins to bear at three years froin planting. The Jujulje 

 fruit is used in confectiuin-iy. 



Z. L'if'is, Lam. Prickly slirub, 3-4 ft. high: Ivs. ovato-oh- 

 lnit:,f, <Tei\iiI;ite. glabrous: lis. in few-tld. axillary cymes: fr. 

 suU-lnhnse. yellovv. S. Eu., N. Afr.-Z. Palinrus, Willd.-Pa- 

 linrus SpiiKb-Christi. — Z. Si-ihia-t ^hristi., WiUd. -Small pri'ddy 

 tr-'i-: Ivs. o\-:il to o>ilong, <.'viiulali\ iila.broas or pubescent on 

 the veins beneath: lis. in axilhiry clusr.Ts; pcrlicels toinciitr.se: 

 fr. o\-oid-globnse, red. X, Afr. "W, Asi;i. This spr-rics is sup- 

 posed by some to have furnished Christ's crown of thorns; see 

 also Paliunis Spinu-t'liristi. 



/. P.irrw. Tnrr. Belongs to tlie genus Condalia.. which is 

 easily (list iiit^nished l»y not hrtving spiny stipiiles but tlie 

 l.M-,incidcr.s tr;insforined into slender tliorns and by its entire, 

 nsiiidlv pennino'vcd Ivs. —'/. . I'dmii . W^cbcrb,. is ;t nniidi 

 branched, ghibrr.ns thorny slmib, l-b', It. iil-li: hs. rllipii<^ tn 

 obnvate, obtuse, ciTneate at I)ih base. ' .,-'.. 111. iorii:; tls slecflcr 

 pcdicrlMd. in scsdle clusters: fr. ovni,!. 'o in. ]<nig S. C.-dif. 

 Tlii^ plant was mice offered by a, collector of native phuds, but 

 it i^ ].iMh;,bly n.M in the trade imw. Alfred Rehdek. 



ZYGA.D]£NU"S ((;rr-.ek. //'■'/'.■'' and nhni.l. sonn- ot the 

 species haviui^- two gla.nds in the base r>f i)io peidanth). 

 Lillaceie. As outlined l>y Bentham &: Hooker, the gmus 

 has 12 species, one of which is Siberian and the re- 

 mainder Nortli American and ^Mexican. This disposi- 

 tion includes Amianthium in Zygadenns, hut most au- 

 thors do not unite the two. They are smooth, rhizoni- 

 atous or bulbous plants, with simple erect stems bear- 

 ing a raceme or panicle of white, yellowish or greenish 

 tiowers; Ivs. mostly crowded at the base of the flower- 

 stem, long-lim-ar. The ds. are perfect or polygamous, 

 the segments mauy-ncrved and often adnate to tlie base 

 of the ovary, t)ie ].mrts withering and ]tersistent; sta- 

 mens G; capsule :Mornleil. thf locules in fruit separate 

 at the top or for tiieir entire length. 



The syjecies of Zygadenns are little known in ciiltiva- 

 tion. They are sometimes recommended for the wild 

 garden, where they thrive in wet or boggy places. In- 

 creased by division; also rarely hy seeds. Some of the 

 species have poisonous bulbs, rhizomes and foliage. 



Monographed bv Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & 

 Sci. 14:278 (1879J. 



A. LocnJes of the capsule dehiscing to the base: stamens 



fn'f frmu periatifh-segini'nt.s: glands n.-^iialhj 2 or 

 J hi the base of the }}erlant]t. Zygadenns proper. 



B. Glands hirge, covering nearly the whole base of the 



perianth segments: bulb tnnicated. 

 c. Fls. usually perfect, rather large. 



^legans, Pursh [Z. glakcus, Nutt. Melbvias glaber- 

 riina. Ker.). Three ft. or less tall, the Ivs. /^in. or less 

 broad and very glaucous: bracts purplish : fls. greenish, 

 in simple or sparingly branched racemes, the segments 

 broad and less than )^in. long, coherent to the ovary, 

 the tl. opening about Kin. across. Across the continent 

 from New Brunswick and south to New Mexico. B.M 

 KiSO. B.R. 24:07. 



Fr^montii, Torr. Lvs. an inch or less broad, less 

 glaucous than the abl»^"e ; bracts green: tls. usually 

 larger, rotate, the segments free from the ovary. Cali- 

 f<'rnia, from San J>iego n(n'th , in the Coast Range.— 

 (»!](' of the "Soap plants." Said to be the best of the 

 genus for cultivation. 



Nuttallii, Gray. Lvs. fron; ^4-^l in. wide, scarcely 

 glaucous, light green : bract.s scarious; fls. H' in. across, 

 in a simple or branched raceme, the segments free from 

 the ovary. Kans. to Colo, and Texas. 



CO. Fls. polygamous, small. 



venenosus, Wats. Slender, 2 ft. or less tall : lvs. very 

 narrow { ^4 in. or less), scabrous, not glaucous, the stem- 

 Ivs. not sheathing: bracts narrow, scarious: lis. in a 

 sliort simple raceme, the periaidh free from the ovary, 

 the segments '^m in. or less long, triangular-ovate to 

 elliptic, short-clawed. S. Dakcda to California. — Bulb 

 poisonous. 



paniculatus, Wats. Usually stouter, tho lvs. broader 

 aiul sheathing: ra<-eme ci;'mpound : periaidh-segments 

 deltoid, acute, short-clawed. Saskatchewan to Calif.— 

 Bulb poisonous. 



BB. Glands rcrg obscure: bnlb soniochat fibrous, 



narrow. 

 leimanthoides, Gray. Stem slender and leaf y, 4 ft. or 



less tall: lvs. f;, in. or less wide, green on both sides: 

 racemes ])ani<ded : tls. about i;( in. across, the segments 

 oblong, not clawed. N. J. to Ga. 



AA. Locuh's d'diisci ng only uhore Ihe middle: sfame-ns 



)}iserti'd (in. the peria nth-se<i moiis: glands }ione: 



bulbous. 



muscit6xicum, Regel lUrli^nias lada, Ker. Amidn- 



tlii u)n ni usciiloxiru in , Gray. Ghruspi^rnia miisccGtSxieum, 



Kuntze). Flv-poison. Slender, 4 ft. or less tall: lvs. 



rather short, the basal ones varying from Vs in. to over 



] in. broad, not glaucous: racemes simple: fls. about 



^■1 in. across, tlie segments ovate-oblong and obtuse. 



New York to Fla. and Ark. B.M. 803, 1540. L.B.C. 



10:*HI8. <Tn. o7, p. KiO, — Bulb and herbage poisonous. 



A fly poison has been made from the bulb. L.H.B. 



ZfGIA. ^Q^Albi--ia. 



ZYGOPETALUM (name referring to the united flower 

 parts). Orchidaccir. Plants with numerous distichous 

 lvs. sheathing a short stem which usually becomes 

 thickened into a psendobulb: lvs. membranaceous, ve- 

 nose or plicate : tls. solitary or in racemes, showy: 

 sepals and jietals nearly alike in form and color, often 

 united to each other at thehase, the lateral sepals form- 

 ing a mentum with the foot of the column; labellum 

 with the lateral lolies scarcely prominent, middle lobe 

 broad and plane, spreading, or recurved at the apex, 

 with a promintuit fleshy crest on the disc: column in- 

 curved, wingless or with small wings; pollinia 4, not 

 appendiculate. Includes Bollea, Huntlcya , Warczewic- 

 z>'ll(i and Bateniannia , which are often separated as 

 distinct genera. Heinrich Hasselbring. 



Zygopetalum is a genus of mostly epiphytal orchids, 

 of easy culture. The Z. Maclyuii grouj) gro\s' well un 

 der pot culture. One or two species with creeping rhi- 



