PALM J!. 513 



ing the filaments : pollen simple ; ? flowets . supported by a hairlike bract ; stigma filiform, 

 exceeding the hairs. — T. latifolia, Mey. Esseq. ! — Not distinguished from theJEaropean form 

 but by larger growth, longer spadices, and much broader leaves. — Hab. Jamm|i !, Wullsohl., 

 common in lagoons j Trinidad !, Cr. ; [both temperate and tropical zones : the variety ranges 

 from Texas ! to South Brazil !]. 



CXXX. PANDANE^. 



. Character o( Aroidece, but spathes usually several, albumen devoid of amylum, fleshy or 

 hard, and plumule included. — Woody (rarely stemless) plants; leaves approximate at the 

 summit of the trunk, resembling those of large grasses. If entire, or of palms, if divided. 



They are fibre-plants, used for thatching and cordage. The fruits of several, and the seeds 

 of Pandaniis, are eatable : Pandanus utilis, Bor., is a cultivated tree in the "West Indies 

 (Jamaica I, Trinidad) : its large rosular leaves are spinous-dentate. 



1. CARLUDOVICA, R. P. 



Flowers monoecious, (J in fours around the?. Calyx-limb of^multideutate, of ?4-fid, 

 supenor. Anthers « . Ovary surroimded by elongated, sterile filaments : placentas 4, pa- 

 rietal, multiovulate. Berry "4-gonal." — Trunk radicant or none; 'i&a.ve.&rosulaie, Z-palma- 

 tijid ; spadices axillary, cylindrical, peduneled ; spathes 2-5. 



1. C Flumieri, Kth. "Trunk radicant;" leaves deeply 2-fid, unioostate, flattish, ta- 

 pering into the petiole : lobes oblong, acuminate, about twice as long as the midrib : petiole 

 one-third as long as the blade, half-terete, channelled above-; spathes 5, distant, obloiig-lan- 

 ceolate, acuminate, clasping-coucave ;,? calyx cupnlate ; sterile filaments in? long, filiform,' 

 flexuose. — Plum. Descr. t. 59, 51, /.—C. palmifolia (Salmia, JF.). — Leaves 3'-2i' long: 

 lobes 3"-3" broad ; midrib 8"-9" long : principal yeius 7-9-jugal ; spadix nodding ; spathes 

 iJi"-4", spadix l"-3", sterile filaments about 2" long. — Hab. Dominica !, Imr. ; Trinidad !, 

 Cr. ; [French islands]. 



Two other species occur in the French islands : I. C. gracilis, Liebm. Syn. C. angusti- 

 folia. Seem. {Hvodianfhus, Oerst.), non K. P. C. Plumieri, PI. Carib. ; leaves deeply 2-fid, 

 with narrower (l"-li" broad) lobes, spathes 3 ; 2. C. insignis, Duchass. Syn. C.palmata, 

 PI. Carib. Allied to C. latifolia, R. P. : leaves 3-costate, shortly 2-fid, lobes at length cut, 

 spathes 4. 



CXXXI. TALM^. 



Spadix supported by spathes, mostly branched : ' flowers usually unisexual. Perigone 

 2-seriate. Stamens 6 (Z-a:'). Omry 3-l(-5)-celled: cells l(-2)-ovulate. Pericarp in- 

 dehiscent, fleshy, or hard : putamen often cohering with the testa. Albumen devoid of 

 amylum, cartilaginous, bearing the embryo in a special, peripherical cavity.— Woody, mostly 

 uubranched plants ; leaves imally approximate at the summit of the trunk, pinnati- or 

 palmati-sect, rarely entire. 

 • Of the various productions of this Order, the following are chiefly mentioned as West- 

 Indian : timber is afforded by Cofos, Geonoma Swarteii, Bactris Plumieriana, Acrocomia 

 ■ lasiospatha, Thrinax parviflora; fibre'ay Cocos, Sabal umbraoulifera, Manicaria; thatches 

 are coustructed with the leaves of Copernicia, Sabal; Thrinax, and Geonoma Swarizii ; eat- 

 able are the fruits of Bactris Plumieriana, the albumen of Cocos, the leaf-buds of the 

 cabbage-palms, e.g. Euterpe oleracea, Oreodoxa oleracea, Cocos and others ; toitie and 

 spirits are prepared from the saccharine sap of Cocos smi Phrnnix spinosa ; oil from the 

 albumen of Cooeineie, e.g. Acrocomia, Cocos, and from the pericarp of .Elms; starch from 

 Oreodoxa oleracea. Twoot these palms have been introduced, but are so much cultivated 

 as to appear naturalized, viz. Eloiis guineensis and Cocos nudfera .- the latter as Mr. 

 WuUschlaegel informs ine, was never seen by him but iu a cultivated state. Other palms, 

 cultivated in the West Indies, are : Areca Catechu in Antigua I : Wullschl, and S. Vincent 1 : 

 Guild.; Phoenix, spinosa in Antigua!: ITullschl. ; Ph. dactyliferam Jamaica (5/.) but 

 not thriving there,- and in TrinidacI I : Cr. ; Arenga saccharifera m Jamaica {Uacf. Mb.). 



