354 THE STRUCTURE AND LIFE OF BIRDS cuHapP. 
The East and West Migration. 
There is not only a migration from north to south, 
but from the far east of Asia to the west of Europe. 
Richard’s Pipit, a bird which occasionally reaches 
England, nests on the steppes of Eastern Turkestan 
and east of Lake Baikal. In winter considerable 
numbers are found in the south of France and in 
Spain. The Little Bunting’s summer quarters are in 
Russia and never further west than Lake Onega, 
whence its range extends eastward to the Pacific 
coast. In the south-east of France it occurs almost 
every autumn. Five years ago more than thirty 
specimens had been obtained in Heligoland. The 
Royston Crows, that breed in the far east of 
Siberia, migrate westward in winter. Many come 
to the east coast of England, but, before they have 
crossed our island, turn southward and, probably, 
make for France. Migrants from the east on reach- 
ing the west coast of France or Spain turn southwards 
and steer for Africa. There is no corresponding 
migration from west to east; no birds from western 
Europe go to Russia or China for the winter. In ‘the 
cold season they seek a more genial clime, and a 
bird in Siberia can find this equally by flying west 
or south. 
The Return Route. 
The route for the journey home is not always the 
same as for the journey out.* According to Herr 
Giatke, those that in autumn travel from the east 
