DISEASES, DEFECTS, ETC. 



85 



to the ground first and goes short, and lameness ensues. 

 Laminitis is such an alteration in structure as is without 

 doubt unsoundness (o). 



Some of the lower bars of the palate occasionally swell, 

 and rise to a level with and even beyond the edge of the 

 teeth ; they are very sore, and the horse feeds badly on 

 account of the pain he suffers from the pressure of the food 

 on the bars [p). This is called lampas, and being easily 

 cured, and not dangerous, it is only unsoundness while it 

 interferes with the horse's usefulness. 



A diseased liver is of course an unsoundness (q). 



All diseases of the lungs constitute unsoundness. The 

 various symptoms were discussed in the case of Hyde v. 

 Davis (q) . 



At the bend of the knee, as well as in the inside of the 

 hock, or a little below it, there is sometimes a scurfy erup- 

 tion, called mallenders in the fore leg and sallenders in the 

 hind leg. They seldom produce lameness, but if no means 

 are taken to get rid of them, a discharge proceeds from 

 them which it is afterwards difficult to stop (r). They 

 must be considered unsoundness. 



The mange is a pimpled or lumpy eruption of the skin, 

 followed by blotches covered with scurf; these change into 

 scabs, and occasionally extend over the whole carcase ; it is 

 one of the most contagious diseases to which the horse is 

 exposed (s). A mangy horse is decidedly unsound. 



The navicular Joint disease is unsoundness, as it produces 

 lameness, which is rarely cured. It proceeds from sudden 

 concussion, or from rapid and overstrained motion. Horses 

 which have irregular and undue exercise are most liable to 

 it, and particularly those whose feet are contracted (t) . An 

 action was brought for the breach of an alleged warranty ; 

 the unsoundness in question was what is termed " navicular 

 disease," which was stated to be an inflammation in a joint 

 on the inside of the hoof, and to be of such a nature that it 

 might be alleviated by proper treatment, so far as to render 

 a horse fit for gentle work, and to make him appear sound 

 for a short time and on soft ground ; but could seldom, if 

 ever, be permanently cured, so as to qualify him for hard 



(c) Sail V. Rogerson, Newcastle 

 Spring Assizes, 1847, cor. Alderson, 

 J3. ; Smart t. Allison, Guildhall, 

 Dec. nth, 1847, cor. Wilde, C.J. 



[p) Lih. TJ. K. "The Horse," 

 134. 



(j) Hyde v. Davis, Liverpool 



Lampaa. 



Liver disease. 



Lungs 

 hepatiied. 



MaUenders 

 and sallen- 

 ders. 



Mange. 



Navicular 

 joint disease. 



Spring Assizes, March 24th, 1849, 

 cor. Coleridge, J. 



{r) Lib. U. K. "The Horse," 273. 



(s) Lib. U. K. " The Horse," 

 379 ; and see Scab, post. 



(t) Bywater v. Bichardson, 1 A. & 

 E. 608. 



