262 



VETERINARY SURGICAL OPERATIONS 



inguinal canal, covered with a tunica vaginalis and can be 

 felt on palpation with the patient in the standing or recum- 

 bent position. 



No. 2.— The testicle is small and about five or six inches 

 from the external inguinal ring, just below the internal ring. 

 It is covered with the tunica vaginalis and can not be felt 

 on palpation in either standing or recumbent position. 



No. 3. — The testicle is in the abdominal cavity, without 

 a peritoneal covering. The testicle is small in the young 

 animal or entire horse, but large in the mature horse that 



Fig. 131 — Intra-Inguinal Cryptorchidism. The Epididymis Extends Down- 

 ward Into the Inguinal Canal, Covered with the Tunica Vaginalis. 

 (Bayer.) 



was castrated on the opposite side in youth. This variety 

 is the most common of all ridglings. 



No. 4.— The testicle is partly through the internal ring 

 and is covered over its protruding portion with peri- 

 toneum (tunica vaginalis) filled with serous fluid. The tes- 

 ticle itself remains within the cavity. 



No. 5.- — The testicle is enlarged from disease, within the 

 abdominal cavity. 



It will be observed that this classification includes supra- 

 scrotal, inter-scrotal, intra-abdominal, intra-inguinal, and 

 the intra-abdominal pathological testicle, respectively, and 



