454 VETERINARY SURGICAL OPERATIONS 



while the cicatrization of the conjunctival wound tends to 

 assist by drawing the edge inward. Resection of the con- 

 junctiva alone, which is usually mentioned as the classical 

 operation for ectropion, has never, in the author's hands, 

 been successful. 



Operation for Trichiasis.— When only the lashes fold 

 against the cornea the best intervention is summary excision 

 of the hair- follicles without previous ceremony. This feat 

 is executed bv making a deep incision along each side of the 

 eyelashes, beveled so that the bottoms will meet under the 

 hair roots, and this effects a permanent destruction of the 

 entire row of hairs by completely up-rooting it in situ. 



Operation Against Cold Abscess of the 

 Shoulder. 



Draft horses, rarely the lighter classes, are susceptible to 

 the formation of a formidable, slow-forming abscess in the 

 depths of the muscles underlying that part of the collar-seat 

 that receives the major portion of the draft. This is located 

 just above the articulation at the point traversed by the 

 mastoido-humeralis, which muscle is therefore most fre- 

 quently involved. The evolution of this characteristic con- 

 dition of horses is analogous to that of cold abscess in gen- 

 eral. The initial focus develops a small abscess cavity while 

 the surrounding connective tissue, at the expense of the 

 muscular elements, forms into a more or less extensive 

 fibrous mass (a new growth) that becomes permanent unless 

 removed surgically. If left to run its course unmolested 

 such an abscess visually shrinks up into a smaller permanent 

 body, but its dormant pyogenic center will sooner or later 

 become active again from the draft of the collar, and cause a 

 recurrent phlegmasia more formidable than the preceding 

 one. The remittent exacerbations each expand the fibrous 

 zone until the region becomes deformed with a permanent 

 sclerotic growth of enormous dimensions whose periphery 

 permeates the muscular elements, root-like, in every di- 

 rection. Or, the abs'cess may point after sojourning ap- 

 parently unchanged for several weeks, shrink up as if almost 

 cured, point again, and then finally, after several such stages, 

 end the same as the course just mentioned. 



That some of these abscesses sometimes are botriomy- 

 cotic is not denied, but that the botriomyces is the specific 

 agent of all of them has been proven erroneous by numerous 

 bacteriologic examinations and experiments. 



