xiv CONTENTS 



objects. Examples are afforded by the whiteness of the Polar 

 Bear and other predacious Arctic animals, or the colouring of 

 the Lion or Tiger. 



(c ) A lluring resemblances axe cases in which the coloration is 

 such as to cause the animal to resemble a flower or other 

 attractive object, and so to entice the approach of prey. 



2. Sematic Coloration. 



Sematic Coloration is the direct opposite of Apatetic Colora- 

 tion, and aims at securing recognition; it is of two chief 

 kinds : — 



(a) Warning Colours. Insects or other animals which are 

 inedible owing to an unpleasant flavour or other cause, are 

 usually very conspicuously, coloured : the object being to adver- 

 tise their inedibility, and to secure instant recognition, lest 

 they should be killed by mistake. ' ' - 



(6) Recognition Murkings, such as the white tail of the Rabbit 

 and the markings on certain Deer, are believed to aid recogni- 

 tion by members of the same species. 



3. Eftigamic Coloration. 



Under this head, all the cases of Sexual Coloration are 

 included, in which, as in the Peacock, the bright colouring is 

 confined to one sex, or is at any rate more marked in it, and is 

 displayed for the purpose of attracting "the opposite sex. 



COLOURS OF PLANTS. 



The bright colours of Flowers and of Fruits serve to attract 

 the insects which fertilise the flowers, and birds and mammals 

 which secure the dispersal of the seeds. 



Cross-Fertilisation. The methods of ensuring cross-fertilisation in 

 Orchids. 



Attractive, and Protective Fruits. 



LECTURE VI. (Pp. 151-172.) 

 OBJECTIONS TO THE DARWINIAN THEORY. 



Natural Selection explains the present structure of animals as due 

 to the slow accumulation of small variations, which are trans- 

 mitted by inheritance from generation to generation. Natural 

 Selection acts primarily for the good of the species, not of the 

 individual. 



