6 CARR ON THE CRANIA 



of the different tribes, and of the hnguistic and other evidence of the identity of the peo- 

 ple formerly inhabiting this region, 1 am led to treat this entire series of crania as having 

 belonged to one race. Considered in this light, there is of course a large increase in the 

 number of specimens upon which to base a. conclusion, and to this extent, that conclusion 

 is strengthened. 



In accordance with this plan the tables on pages 4 and 5 have been comjiiled from meas- 

 urements made upon crania now in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the 

 Army Medical Museum at Washington City, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and 

 Ethnology in Cambridge, Mass., and in the Museums of the Harvard Medical School, the 

 Boston Society for Medical Improvement, and in the private collection of the late Dr. 

 Warren of Boston.^ In them I have endeavored to separate these skulls according to the 

 features that distinguish the sexes, and also according to the localities whence they were 

 derived. It must not be forgotten, however, that this latter classification is intended simply 

 to facilitate future reference, and does not carry with it any ulterior significance whatever. 



Aside from the brief historical sketch given above, there is but little known as to the 

 precise age of any of these crania. Two of them, No. 22, Table I,^ and No. 88, Table I,^ 

 belonged to Indians whose deaths are matters of record, and in the case of some others 

 glass beads and other articles of European manufacture were found in the graves.. When- 

 ever this occurs, the burial must, of course, have been subsequent to the arrival of the 

 whites. * , 



One calvarium. No. 13, Table I, (Peabody Museum, No. 10,259) was found under a shell 

 heap near Salem, Mass., from which circumstance Mr. Putnam has concluded it to be the 

 oldest skull yet found in New England. It is mesaticephalous though verging very closely 

 on brachycephalous and resembles the crania found in the Florida Mounds.* Of the 

 rest we know nothing, except perhaps, some of the circumstances of their burial. 

 These silent revelations of the spade and pickaxe, however, indicate their origin 

 most unmistakably ; and although it is possible that some of the more recent specimens 

 may belong to persons of mixed (Indian and White) blood, yet the skulls themselves do 

 not show it, and the chances of such admixture are so small as scarcely to merit recog- 

 nition. Except when such mixed unions have taken place on a large scale and been con- 

 tinued for a long period of time, as is the case to-day with sonie of the Indian tribes of 

 the United States and Spanish America, the presumption as to any single skull found as 

 these were, is always in favor of its being of pure Indian origin. 



Keferring now to the preceding tables, it will be seen that the average cranial capacity 



iln this connection I desire to return my thanks to Mr. Every tooth in phice." 



Parlser of the Philadelphia Academy, to the late Mr. Caleb ^xhis is No. 1560 of the Army Medical Museum at 



Cook of Salem, to Dr. J. C. Warren of Boston, and to Mr. Washington City, and is said to be the skull of an Indian 



Applegate and Dr. Wm. F. Whitney of the Harvard Medical basket maker who was killed during the Revolutionary war. 



School. To the latter gentleman I am under special obliga- In a note to the writer, Dr. Otis, the Curator of that Mu- 



tions for practical aid in the work of measurements and for scum, says " it has the largest internal capacity of any North 



many valuable suggestions. American Indian skull I have ever measured, and is, more- 



2 This is No. 3274 of the Warren Anatomical Museum of over, extraordinarily brachycephalic." 



Boston, and is the skull of "Quahsh, a New England Indian ^ Tenth Annual Report of the Peabody Museum of Amer- 



who died and was buried in Dedham, Mass., in 1774, act. 68. ican Archaeology and Ethnology. Cambridge, Mass., 1877 



