334 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



middle claw; hallux rather slender, about as long (without claw) 

 as basal phalanx and half of second phalanx of middle toe. 



Plumage and coloration. — Plumage of head, neck, and under parts 

 soft and blended; bare orbital space moderately extended beneath 

 eye, narrow above. Adult male with head (except lower throat), 

 hindneck, and rump bluish-gray, the under parts russet-vinaceous 

 anteriorly passing through a lighter and more pinkish hue, into white 

 posteriorly, the upper parts gray and grayish-brown, blotched with 

 black on proximal wing-coverts, etc., the primaries edged with 

 cinnamon; inner webs of lateral rectrices with a spot or bar of black 

 preceded by another of cinnamon-rufous; sides of neck glossed with 

 metallic bronzy purple; adult female with anterior under parts 

 grayish-brown or drab, instead of vinaceous. 



Range. — Deciduous forest region of eastern North America. 

 (Monotypic; the single species now extinct.) 



ECTOPISTES MIGRATORIUS (Linnseus). 



PASSENGER PIGEON. 



Adult male. — Head, including nape, plain bluish-gray (dark gull- 

 gray to nearly slate-gray), paler on chin and upper throat; hind- 

 neck similar, but glossed, superficially, with golden or coppery bronze, 

 the sides of neck brilliant golden-bronze changing to metallic purple- 

 bronze; back slate-gray, more or less tinged with grayish-brown or 

 olive-brown; scapulars and proximal secondaries grayish-brown 

 (hair brown to light olive-brown), some of the former with a large 

 oblong or elliptical black spot (mostly concealed) on outer web, the 

 proximal posterior scapulars also with inner web more or less broadly 

 edged with black; proximal wing-coverts similar in color to scapulars, 

 but usually slightly (often distinctly) more grayish, passing on distal 

 coverts into slate-gray, the proximal coverts sometimes with a few 

 small elongated black spots or streaks; distal secondaries dull brown- 

 ish black or dusky, usually narrowly edged terminally with paler; 

 alulae, primary coverts, and primaries dark grayish-brown or dusky, 

 the last (except outermost) narrowly margined with dull whitish, 

 the edgings on outer web growing much broader basally, and often 

 vinaceous-tawny or orange-cinnamon, at least in part; lower back 

 and upper rump clear bluish-gray (deep to dark gull-gray), pass- 

 ing into more brownish-gray on upper tail-coverts; middle pair of 

 rectrices darker brownish-gray passing into dusky terminally; next 

 pair with outer web light gray, inner web white, the next three paiss 

 similar but with white of inner web passing into pale gray basally, 

 the outermost with outer web white — all (except middle pair) with a 

 sub-basal or post-median roundish black spot on inner web, preceded 

 by a spot of cinnamon-rufous; lower throat, foreneck, chest, breast 

 and sides plain russet-vinaceous or vinaceous-f awn color, passing into 



