342 FUNGI 



Brefeld— Ueber Gahnmg, iii. (Landw. Jahrb., Thiel, v., 1876). 



Coemans — Spicil^ge mycologique (Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg., i. ). 



Coemans — Quelques Ilyphomycetes nouveaux (Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, 2 ser. , 



Tom. XV.). 

 Coemans — Recherches sur le polymorphisme et les differents appareils de reproduction 



chez les Mucorinees [ibid., Tom. xvi.). 

 Coemans— Monographie du genre Pilobolus (Mem. Couronn. de I'Acad. Roy. d. 



Belgique, Tom. xxx. ). 

 Cunningham — On the Occurrence of Conidial Fnictification in the Mucorini, illustrated 



by Choanephora (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 2 ser., i., 1878). 

 Fresenius — Beitr. zur Mycologie, i. and iii. 

 Gilkinet — Mem. sur le polymorphisme des Champignons (Mem. Couronn. Acad. 



Belg., Tom. xxvi., 1875). 

 Hildebrand — Ueber zwei neue Syzygites Formen (Pringsh. Jahrb., vi.). 

 Klein — Zur Kenntniss des Pilobolus (Pringsh. Jahrb., viii.). 

 Tulasne — Note sur les phenomenes de copulation, &c. (Ann. Sc. Nat., 5 ser., Tom. 



vi., 1866). 

 Van Tieghem et Le JMonnief — Rech. sur les Mucorinees (Ann. Sc. Nat., 5 ser., Tom. 



xxvii., 1873). 

 Van Tieghem — Nouv. Rech. sur les Mucorinees [ibid., 6 ser., Tom. i., 1875). 

 Van Tieghem — Troisieme Mem. sur les Mucorinees [ibid., 6 ser., Tom. iv., 1876). 

 Zimmermann — Das Genus Mucor (Chemnitz, 1871). 



Order 2. — EntomophthorevE. 



This small group of parasites inhabiting the bodies of insects agrees 

 with the Mucorini only in the formation of zygosperms. The mycele 

 vegetates \yithin the body of the insect attacked, and consists either of 

 septate branching hyphas (Entomophthora, Fres.), or of a yeast-like mass 

 of cells (Empusa, Cohn). Zygosperms are formed, as described by 

 Nowakowski (Entomophthora ovispora, Nowak., and E. curvispora, 

 Nowak.), by the conjugation of adjacent h)fphas which emit correspond- 

 ing lateral protuberances. These meet, become united in an H fashion 

 (somewhat as in Spirogyra), and enter thus into open communication. 

 As a result of this conjugation, there arises, either on the conjugating 

 branches or near them, a globular body, which develops at the expense 

 of the protoplasm of the united hyphae, and finally becomes cut off by 

 a wall. This must be regarded as a zygosperm, morphologically the 

 equivalent of that of Piptocephalis. Azygosperms occur in E. radicans 

 (Bref) and certain species of Empusa, arising either as lateral out- 

 growths, or sometimes as terminal bodies. The cell-membrane of both 

 zygosperms and azjgosperms -becomes much thickened and differen- 

 tiated into a thick extine, generally of regular outline, and a thin intine, 

 while in the contents a large fatty drop appears. Zygosperms and 

 azygosperms both rest for a considerable period within the dead body 



