ZYGOMYCETES 3,53 



Literature. 



De Bary — Untersuch. liber die Brandpilze (Berlin, 1853). 



De Bary -Prqtomyces microsporus und seine Verwandten (Bot. Zeit., 1874) (En'ty- 



loma). 

 Brefeld— Botanische Untersuchungen, v. (Leipzig, 1883). 



Cornu — Sur quelques Ustilaginees nouvelles (Ann. Sc. Nat., 6 ser. , Tom. xv.). 

 Pischer von Waldheim — ^Beitr. zur Biologie und Entwickelungsgesch. der Ustilagi- 



neen (Pringsli. Jahrb. , Bd. vii.). 

 Fischer von Waldheim — Les Ustilaginees et leurs plantes nourricieres (Ann. Sc. Nat. , 



6 ser., Tom. iv.). 

 Ed. Fischer — Beitr. zvir Kenntniss der Gattung Graphiola (Bot. Zeit., 1883). 

 Kuhn —Die Krankheiten der Culturgewachse (Berlin, 1858). 

 Prillieux— Quelques observ. sur la formation et la germination des spores des Uro- 



cystis (Ann. Sc. Nat., 6 ser., Tom. x.). 

 Schroeter — Bemerk. u. Beobacht. iiber einige Ustilagineen (Cohn's Beitrage zur 



Biologie der Pflanzen, Bd. ii.). 

 Tulasne — Mem. sur les Ustilaginees comparees aux Uredinees (Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 



s^r., Tom. vii.). 

 Tulasne — Second Mem. sur les Uredinees et les Ustilagin&s {Hid., 4 ser., Tom. ii.). 

 Ward — Entyloma Ranunculi, Proc. Roy. Soc, xli. (1886). 

 Winter — Einige Notizen iiber d. Fam. d. Ustilagineen (Flora, 1876). 

 Wolff — Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Ustilagineen (Bot. Zeit., 1873). 

 Wolff— Der Brand des Getreides (Halle, 1874). 

 Woronin — Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Ustilagineen (Tuburcinia). (De Bary und 



Woronin's Beitr. zur Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, v.). 



Sriie older literature ivill be found quoted in Tulasne, Fischer von Waldheim, and in 

 de Barfs ' Brandpilze. ' 



GROUP II.— SPOROCARPEyE. 



Class XX — Ascomycetes. 



The Sporocarp. 



This large class is distinguished by the universal formation of spores 

 in asci, for the most part tubular in shape, but sometimes broadly ovate 

 or roundish, and borne terminally on special hyphae termed ascogenous 

 hyphcB. When an ascus has reached its full size, and only then, the 

 formation takes place within it of ascospores by free-cell formation. The 

 young ascuj is at first filled with finely granular protoplasm, which con- 

 tains a nucleus, and within it a smaller body, probably a nucleole. The 

 protoplasm next gathers itself together at the upper part of the ascus, 

 while a watery fluid occupies the remainder of the cavity except a thin 



