RUDDY TURNSTONE (Arenaria in- 

 ter pres morinella). Turnstones are unusual 

 in form,- in that the bill is quite stout, pointed 

 and has an upturned appearance since the 

 top of the upper mandible is perfectly straight . 

 The present handsome species breeds on the 

 Arctic coast and migrates abundantly along 

 both coasts, wintering from southern United 

 States southward. The common Turn- 

 stone, a grayer variety, is an Old World 

 species, a few of which breed in western 

 Alaska and migrate through Japan. The 

 Turnstone is commonly known among 

 sportsmen as "Calico-back," "Horse-foot 

 Snipe" and "Beach Snipe." 



BLACK-TURNSTONE {Arenaria mel- 

 anocephala). Of the same size as the last, 

 measuring about 9 in. in length. Found on 

 the Pacific coast, breeding in Alaska and 

 wintering south from British Columbia. 



OYSTER-CATCHER {Hamatopus pal- 

 liatus). A very large shore bird, measur- 

 ing about 19 in. in length, breeding on the 

 South Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Vir- 

 ginia to Texas and wandering to New 

 Brunswick. 



BLACK OYSTER-CATCHER {Bama- 

 topus hachmani), shown in the pen sketch, 

 is chiefly sooty black and white. This spe- 

 cies, found along the whole Pacific coast of 

 North America, is wholly blackish-brown 

 in plumage; the bill is bright red and the feet flesh color. 



MEXICAN JACANA (Jacana spinosa) is a most remarkable species 

 common in Mexico and reaching our borders in southern Florida and 



Texas. The plumage is 

 black, chestnut and yeUow- 

 ish-green; a scaly leaf -like 

 shield protects the top of 

 the head; the shoulders are 

 armed with sharp horny 

 points; and the toes and 

 nails are of exceeding length, 

 enabling them to walk over 

 floating vegetation with ease. 



RUDDY TURNSTONE 

 OYSTER-CATCHER 



45 



